Analysis of a Print Advertisement and a Television Commercial

Print advertisements are used by marketers to make advertising appeals with an aim of influencing the manner in which consumers or buyers view themselves. This creates a psychological appeal whereby buyers view buying of certain products as beneficial to them. Print advertisements greatly influence the buying decisions of the consumers. The Tripwire Magazine contains car advertisements that capture the attention of the reader and arouses emotions that make them desire to get more about the cars.The psychological and socials needs of an individual are elicited by an emotional appeal that motivates consumers to make certain purchases (Betonio, 2011). Therefore, advertisers capitalize on the emotional appeal supported with logic in print advertisements to ensure consumers personal and social needs are captured the advertisements influencing the buyers purchase behaviors.The Samsung 46† digital TV LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY) display appeared in a TV commercial with an emphasis on product features such as the advanced cooling, longer operation, the high, gloss piano black finish, and the quality display resolution capturing consumers emotions through its emotional appeal. The advertisement used a colorful sculpture to show the commercial grade television and its other distinguishing features.In my opinion, they used this colorful art to attract the attention of the costumers and make them believe that they are buying something more than a simple Television; that’s why they mentioned at the end of the advertisement â€Å"is it art or television? † The ad also thrills the consumer when it illustrates how the Samsung 46† digital TV LCD captivates its viewers with professional displays that give a flexible, engaging and an interactive way to channel a message across.In conclusion, print advertisements or TV commercials are powerful advertising tools and are aimed at making a psychological appeal to consumers by attracting, holding as well as m aking them focus their attention on the product arousing an interest to possess it. This creates a positive image to those who purchase the product increasing the need to own one.

Peter Pan Syndrome Essay

Peter Pan syndrome, is exactly how it sounds. It’s a disorder that is derived from the novel Peter Pan written by J.M. Barrie that defines those who appear as an adult but their actions are quite childlike. The ‘Peter Pans’ of present society â€Å"see the adult world as very problematic and glorify adolescence, which is why they want to stay in that state of privilege†, according to Humbelina Robles Ortega, professor of the Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment of the University of Granada and an expert in emotional disorders. Although it can affect both men and women it is often seen in the male population. The syndrome is developed through environmental factors, and cannot be genetically inherited. â€Å"What causes Peter Pan syndrome?†, you may ask. According to top psychologist, it is do to overprotective parents. What this is exactly is that the parent is so overprotective that it does not allow the child to have their own life experiences to grow up and learn on their own, so the â€Å"child† is in need of constant parenting. Dan Kiley, who defined Peter Pan syndrome in 1983, also suggests behind every â€Å"Peter† there is a â€Å"Wendy†. Thus creating the term â€Å"Wendy syndrome†, which is used for women who shadows their companions as a motherly figure. Women with â€Å"Wendy syndrome† The consistent parenting figure in the person’s life with PPS, Peter Pan syndrome, never gives them a chance to grow up. The typical PPS victim experienced a great deal of permissiveness in his upbringing. This led to a lack of self-discipline, demonstrated by laziness and irresponsibility, along with the inability to learn how to control their emotions. PPS may be diagnosed once the person begins to show symptoms and signs. Certain symptoms are outbursts of emotion, expressing anger to the point of wrath, happiness that turns into extreme panic, frustration that leads to self-pity and/or depression, and they always feel guilty. The use of anger is used to push the person away that is trying to push reality upon them. People diagnosed with this also show difficulty relaxing and can be really undependable considering their childlike characteristics. They are also narcissistic with dependency and manipulation tendencies. Basically, this syndrome characterizes the personality of an immature person and also includes narcissistic behavior. Another serious problem people with Peter Pan syndrome have is developing relationships. Referring back to the person’s relationship with their parents, men often find themselves fixated on their mother. Usually because of their fixation with their mother, this is when they develop feelings of anger and guilt due to their conflicting feelings for their mother. The relationship with the father is at odds since the person diagnosed believe his love and approval is off limits. The hang up on their mother is what will cause difficulty in future relationships. Individuals with this syndrome have a hard time building relationships with peers. As a result they become depressed and feel desperately alone in their attempt to belong. They often don’t fix the problem though because their solution to any problem is to ignore the issue and until it disappears. Most people, especially men, with this diagnosis cannot have a real connection with friends because they believe they can only be bought. When they do get friends, they often ‘drag their feet’ and cause a delay when hanging out because they share characteristics of the condition called narcissistic personality disorder. Males with PPS have trouble keeping a love life as well. They tend to become easily extremely jealous and exhibit violent outbursts. If the woman tries to assert her independence, the male becomes easily provoked to fits of anger. They fear if the woman asserts their independence, then they’ll appear weak and not like a man in front of friends. This often causes the male to refuse to share feelings. This may result to having difficulty expressing love, especially when it comes to being sensitive. Men often pick younger women to have relationships with because that way they don’t have to worry about responsibility such as settling down and having a family. People with the disorder could live a normal life. There is no physical or brain function change for those with this disorder. It may take energy from their partner, but with dedication they could show them having a committed relationship can be worthwhile too. If their partner begins to suffocate them then they’ll scare them off, so it’s better to give them their own space. If it is a man, then make sure they still get their â€Å"man cave†. As long as both partners are understanding of the person’s needs with PPS then it’ll work out. The only thing that could stop them from having a bad life would be the narcissistic characteristics of Peter Pan syndrome. They tend to be absorbed with imaginative comfort in their minds which attracts them to introspection. This leads them to be imprisoned by childhood fantasy, not the realities and difficulties of life that they need to overcome. In an attempt to avoid the realities of life, it could cause them to use prohibited drugs and abuse alcohol in an attempt to escape the obstacles of life. The only major complication of Peter Pan Syndrome for individuals having the disorder is not being able to build strong relationships. However, they remain unsuccessful at facing fears and responsibilities, and may also acquire other psychological disorders. According to research, people having Peter Pan Syndrome have very low self-esteem and are unmotivated leaving them feeling depressed. Individuals having Peter Pan Syndrome do not usually exhibit the self-confidence, motivation and determination that are keys for being successful. Treatment for Peter Pan syndrome is uncertain. Peter Pan syndrome is still unrecognized as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association and WHO, which is why there is no specific treatment. There are therapies such as the wilderness therapy, which covers psychodrama, cognitive behavioral therapy, strength-based therapies, solution-focused therapy, trans-personal counseling, and family therapy. There is other treatment modalities as well, such as: The Healing Sound of Silence, Embracing The Twelve Step Philosophy, and Transforming Into An Effective Adult. The Healing Sound of Silence helps the individual keep away from refocusing their addiction on something else such as: watching TV, computer games, drugs, etc. Instead, they put the focus on themselves and their issues in an attempt to get their life back on track. It allows them to learn the basics on how to face the real problems of life. The Twelve Step Philosophy is a camping therapy. It’s a twelve-step program that helps them recognize the importance of a support system. They learn that every individual has a role and purpose. They also learn self care. The transformation into an effective adult is when the Peter Pan-like person begins taking responsibilities. Even though there is no established cure for the disease, the only time that the person with Peter Pan Syndrome is treated is when the individual shows willingness and awareness of their disorder. Since Peter Pan Syndrome is a disorder caused by factors during childhood, any prevention measures should be directed at parents and their awareness on how to raise a child. Parenting discussions should be organized, especially for teenage parents so they are aware of techniques to teach their children about responsibilities. Also, the environmental factors still need to be considered when raising a child. The right role models should always be around as well for positive influence.

“Labeling of Genetically Modified Food Products” Essay

Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs were first introduced into Americas’ food supply in 1996, and there were 7 million acres of crops worldwide that were using GMO seeds. As of 2004, the crop size worldwide that uses GMO seeds had grown to 222 million acres with approximately 63% of those in the United States alone (253). As of 2008, more than 90 percent of soy crops and 75 percent of corn in the United States were raised from genetically modified seeds. As of now, in the United States, there are still no regulations to mandate the labeling of food products that contain GMOs. The United States only requires labeling of genetically modified foods if the food has a significantly different nutritional property, or unexpected allergens, or if the food contains toxins that are higher than acceptable levels. Most developed countries throughout the world have adopted differing regulations pertaining to labeling food products containing GMOs, although with some controversy. While the mandatory labeling requirements were enacted to allow consumer choice of whether or not to purchase foods that contain GMOs, mandatory labeling in the European Union and Japan for example, has resulted in retailers not stocking genetically modified foods on their shelves due to the perceived consumer aversion to genetically modified foods. Advocates of genetically modified foods argue that consumers already have a choice in what they can purchase, whether it is processed foods with traditionally grown ingredients, genetically modified processed foods or organic foods. The consumers of these nations voiced their opinions loudly, that they had the right to know if GMOs were in the food products they were buying, and their governments listened. In the United States, the FDA has stringent testing protocols that biotech firms must follow when developing a drug to bring to market. This protocol consists of different phases of drug trials with the first being a study of the possible side effects of said proposed drug on healthy subjects (meaning that if said drug is for treating colon cancer, the test subjects will be free from the disease) to determine if the subjects develop any side effects. If the phase 1 tests prove to meet FDA satisfaction, they are allowed to proceed to phase 2 of clinical trials which involve subjects that currently have the disease they are trying to treat with the new drug and the tests are done to see if the proposed drug actually treats the disease that they are aiming at. Some ask, that with such stringent testing done with drug chemicals that will be ingested by consumers, why aren’t those same stringent testing regulations implemented into the genetically modified food industry. There is much controversy on this matter in the United States, as Delborne and Kinchy write in the article â€Å"Genetically Modified Organisms†; Promoters of GMOs tend to favor science-based risk assessments (â€Å"sound science†), whereas critics tend to advocate the precautionary principle. Calls for science-based risk assessments often come from stakeholders who oppose increased regulation and want to see GM technologies developed and marketed. Specifically, they argue that before a technology should be regulated for possible risks, those risks must be demonstrated as scientifically real and quantifiable. Although the definition of â€Å"sound science† is itself controversial, proponents state that regulatory agencies such as the EPA and FDA have been too quick to regulate technologies without good evidence—arguing that such government interference not only creates financial disincentives for technological innovation but actually causes social harm by delaying or preventing important technologies from becoming available. Such a perspective views government regulation as a risk in itself. By contrast, advocates of the precautionary principle stress the existence of scientific uncertainties associated with many modern environmental and health issues. They have proposed a framework for decision making that errs on the side of precaution (â€Å"better safe than sorry†). Major components include the following: (1) anticipate harm and prevent it; (2) place the burden of proof on polluters to provide evidence of safety, not on society to prove harm; (3) always examine alternative solutions; and (4) include affected parties in democratic governance of technologies. Critics argue that the precautionary principle is little more than a scientific disguise for anti-technology politics (187). Testing of GMOs in our food products should be done in a similar way as drugs are tested. The way that it stands now, all consumers are being treated as guinea pigs with this technology, and some are not convinced that it’s not having an impact on the health of consumers. The CDC has reported an 18 percent increase in food allergies among children under the age of 18 from 1997 to 2007. Even though there have been no long term scientific studies conducted to measure the health impacts of ingesting GMOs, some proponents use the absence of evidence as proof that GMOs are safe, but critics counter that absence of evidence cannot serve as GMOs safety, and accuse biotechnology corporations and governments of conducting an uncontrolled experiment by allowing GMOs into the human diet (192). As of 2010 no scientific studies have shown conclusively that currently licensed GMO foods harm human health. However, in many cases there is continued concern that the data and studies supporting GMO use are insufficient to declare GMO use safe, especially with regard to use in the open environment and over successive generations (419). In the United States, as mentioned early, manufacturers are only required to label genetically modified foods if the food has a significantly different nutritional property, or unexpected allergens, or if the food contains toxins that are higher than acceptable levels, whereas organically grown foods to which they would be labeled is considered a voluntary or optional label by the FDA and USDA, and have a more stringent set of labeling requirements that producers of these products must adhere to. â€Å"The presence of genetically modified substances above certain very low thresholds disqualifies the organic label. Organic farmers therefore sustained economic losses because of transgenic contamination of their crops† (186). Food label regulations in the United States are meant to tell consumers the ingredients, and nutritional composition of packaged food for sale. The purpose of food labels, are to allow consumers to make an informed decision on whether or not to purchase a particular product. There are polls in the United States that show roughly 85 percent of Americans want food labeling for products containing GMOs, yet government officials are resistant to mandating GMO labeling of food products stemming from pressure by the proponents of GMO production. The health and safety of this nation is at risk of being one huge nationwide experiment with genetically engineered foods, and if the biotech corporations and scientists are wrong about the safety of these products, it may have unrecoverable consequences not only in the United States, but across the entire world. It would be prudent for the government entities that were created to protect consumers, to err on the side of caution rather than on the side corporations. Americans have the right to know what is in the food products that we are purchasing, and the confidence in government agencies that are overseeing the development and manufacturing of these products, that they are 100 percent safe for us to eat just as those same agencies regulate the biotech corporations that develop and introduce new drugs to the market. Works Cited Collin, Robert William. â€Å"Genetically Modified Food. † Environment. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008. 253-257. Battleground. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 31 July 2011. Davidson, Tish. â€Å"Food Labeling. † The Gale Encyclopedia of Diets: A Guide to Health and Nutrition. Ed. Jacqueline L. Longe. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2008. 407-412. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 31 July 2011. McIntosh, Philip. â€Å"Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). † Food: In Context. Ed. Brenda Wilmoth Lerner and K. Lee Lerner. Vol. 1: Advertising Food to International Fund for Agricultural Development. Detroit: Gale, 2011. 416-421. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 9 Aug. 2011. Restivo, Sal and Peter H. Denton. â€Å"Genetically Modified Organisms. † Science and Technology. Ed. Vol. 1. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008. 182-195. Battleground. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 31 July 2011.

American History - Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American History - Interview - Essay Example Anything prior to this period is termed as pre-history. However, history is not limited to the past only; it can also be study of present events and people still alive who can give their own unique take on certain events as they see them. This paper is more concerned on current history and how people see some events as truly defining in terms of their historical significance. Discussion My interviewee is my grandfather who is now 75 years old; this means he was born in the year 1936 which is prior to the Second World War. When that war started, he was about five years old and can still recall his father going to the Pacific to fight the Japanese soldiers who had invaded parts of Southeast Asia (the former British and Dutch colonies, such as Malaysia, Burma and Singapore as well as Indonesia). This war in the Pacific theater started when Japanese planes bombed the Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawaii in a sneak attack on December 8, 1941. America had initially refused to be drawn into th is war as the public was isolationist and pacifist, thinking the war in Europe then was too far away to be concerned with it directly. He can still remember but only vaguely how his father explained to him why he has to go to fight the enemy; at that time of course, he could not understand the significance of it all. In his neighborhood, a lot of men (some of them quite young) were also enlisting and so their place became quite empty, leaving only mostly women who took over some of the jobs of the men. He was very happy when his dad came home a few years later who regaled him with war stories. As he grew older and enrolled in school and continued on with his studies, he by and by learned the importance of civic duty for people to serve willingly in the military service for sake of freedom and in defense of democracy. He explained America and the world is now a safer place. I chose my grandfather as he is very close to me and I am one of his favorite grandsons. Further, his memory is still very lucid. He does not suffer from old-age diseases like Alzheimer's or other debilitating ailments associated with the elderly. His recollection of certain past events is fairly accurate and he gives them enough perspective in context of today's current events also. In retrospect, he more or less focused on his teenage and younger days which was in the 1950s and the 1960s which were the two decades in which America enjoyed relative peace and prosperity. In particular, this period was during the presidency of Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1961). The questions I had asked by grandfather were all about his impressions of those years. In general, he recalled those years as â€Å"the good old days† when jobs were plentiful, the pay was equally great, there was job security, people could buy what they want as they had a purchasing power unlike today (due to the strong dollar) and American citizens were rightfully expecting to be able to attain the â€Å"American Dream† of owning their homes, move to the suburbs and have a decent car, go to college and reach their ambition to get out of poverty and be in middle class. Some of the answers he gave were forthright, in my own assessment. But he was quite evasive also on other topics, which I think are better left unanswered as I did not think it is very proper to insist on him answering some questions which he

Brazil as an emerging market Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brazil as an emerging market - Assignment Example Emerging markets have their own challenges and opportunities that make them both cautious and viable as the future of the world’s economic powerhouse (Frenkel, 2009). Generally, there are general characteristics that can be associated with as many emerging markets as possible. However, not all emerging markets of the world can be described in exactly the same manner. In most cases, there are leading factors to the determination of the specific characteristics that a given emerging market would possess. Commonest among these factors are the market’s history and its evolutional processes (He, 2009). The nature of changes experienced as part of the history and evolution of the emerging market’s formation goes a long way to determine the rate of growth and development that may be generally associated with the market. In this paper, Brazil is used as a case study for emerging markets to critically assess the market in terms of its history and evolution. Consequently, some of the rapid and pragmatic changes that have been experienced as part of this history shall be outlined, making a case for each change as either being positive or negative for the market’s future fortunes. The approach of the writer is pivoted on a perception that the various emerging markets recognized by global development agencies such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund are in constant competition with each other and so it is important that each of these markets develop its history to be a competitive advantage for winning competitive global market battles. Brief analysis of Brazil’s market history and evolution Brazil as an emerging market possesses a history that is rooted in the preference for robust domestic activity as against export demands. This is because for several years running, the market has recorded slow growth in exports as against the contributions that local market activities make to the country’s gross domestic product (H e, 2009). There is also a history rapid growth in the private sector as against the public sector. This is because most of the government’s economic principles are based on microeconomic principles, making business and investment more lucrative for local private entrepreneurs as against foreign investors who would prefer economies structured on macroeconomic competences (Todea, 2011). What is more, there is a long standing history in the dependence on specific sectors of the economy as against others. Examples of these sectors that receive dominant attention are agricultural sector, which is responsible for 39.4% of Brazil’s GDP and the mining sector, which makes 18.6% of GDP (Galai, 2007). Finally, there is generally unstable to high bank interest rate; a phenomenon that makes foreign investment less lucrative. Brazil GDP Growth Rate, 2008 to 2012 Source: Trading Economics (2013) Significant characteristics of the market, its evolution, and changes Young and Growing L abor Population Right from the history of the country when the first population census was held after colonization in 1872, Brazil has kept a very high population growth rate of 2.4% per annum (Crowder and Phengpis, 2005). This puts the current population of the country at 190 million people. Characteristically, a very high number of these people, made up of 79.8% of the population live in Southeastern region alone (Frenkel, 2009). This trend of single region dominated population has not changed with changing evolution of this emerging market. However, one phenomenon that has changed with time is the fact that there is currently a very young population margin, meaning greater percentage of the population is youth. What is positive about the young and growing labor population of the emerging market is that the large size of the population has been seen by government as an asset rather than a liability, expanding the human capital of these people to take up the labor force. It is howe ver negative if the trend of

BMW of Leadership and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

BMW of Leadership and Management - Essay Example This report will help the decision makers to evaluate the current and future positioning of the company under the company’s current market analysis with respect to its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The reports also highlights the structure, conduct and performance of the company’s human resources and finally recommend the strategic steps that can be taken for further improvements relating to management, development and implementation of organizational plan. ... At first, there were three companies named Rapp Motorenwerke, Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, and Fahrzeugfabrik. BMW group is the German’s largest automobile company. It came into being when these three companies amalgamated into a single automobile company established in 1917, almost 90 years back the business of the company started with the production of aircraft engines and now in the 21st century, it has expanded its business form the manufacturing of engines up to the complete vehicles. BMW group has the most famous and highly valued brands of the automobile industry named BMW, MINI, and Rolls-Royce. The head quarter of BMW group is present in Munich, Bavaria Germany. The head quarter controls and manages the overall performance of the company in over 150 countries (Schlegelmilch, Lehbrink, & Osterroth, 2011, pg 45-54). Size and Ownership The ownership of the company is in the hands of three personnel Stefan Quandt with 17.4% shares, Johanna Quandt with 16.7% shares and Susann e Klatten with 12.6% shares (Schlegelmilch, Lehbrink, & Osterroth, 2011, pg 56-67). Since its establishment, BMW group has focused on the excellence in engineering and it is the only reason that it has expanded its growth and profit margin as compare with its other competitors. BMW group has almost 12 research and development centers all over the world in order to realize the market trends and create innovative automobiles as required by the consumers. The credit of all of its success goes to the R&D and consumer informed innovations as on average basis the company invests 2300 pounds on each car for research and development. In 2007, BMW group splendidly increased its sale up to 8%, Rolls-Royce by 26% and Mini by 18% (Schlegelmilch,

Business Communication Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business Communication - Coursework Example The message represents the actual information to be passed to the recipient. It is usually dependent on the source idea and is designed to meet the desires of the audience. Encoding is a process that involves the conversion of the message into an appropriate transmission form. The form of communication is dependent on the transmission medium. The channel is the means through which communication transpires (Verderber, 2010). It is the path through which a message is sent to the recipient from the sender without making alterations on it. The channel may vary from a paper to a radio or an email. The receiver is the party for which the message is intended. The recipient employs the channel to receive communication from a transmitter. Decoding refers to the process of interpreting the message passed. The recipient analyzes the message to facilitate internalization. Feedback refers to the relay of a response to the sender of a message by a recipient (Verderber, 2010). Communication is an unending process. Interruption of the process may cause emptiness in the system. Interpersonal communication has to be continued. In the circular interaction, an invariable response is made which provokes a reaction. The message relayed through communication channels is usually irreversible. It cannot be changed once transmitted. Effective communication may be deterred by various barriers to communication. First, lack of eye contact hinders effective communication. John stuck glued to the computer while conversing with Yum. This hindered the efficiency of communication. John employed an unfamiliar term to Yum while passing his message. This contributed immensely to ineffective communication since Yum could not interpret the message. John showed disinterest in what Yumi was trying to put across.

Christianity Essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Christianity Essays - Essay Example d that is to proclaim God’s abounding love for His people and how He placed Himself at the center point of Israelites’ struggles to bring them to deliverance. The Gospel of John supports its claim by showcasing Jesus’ relation with David and the actual prophesies of the prophets from the past, telling that the coming Messiah is the one who belongs in the house of David. In the scripture, God promised to David that He would never break his covenant with Him. Thus, the human existence of Jesus as God is the fulfillment of this eternal promise. The Gospel of Matthew is making its claim to the Jews, who are people who believe the idea that there is only one God, the one Who delivered them from the hands of their enemies like the Philistines. Just like David, Jesus is the appointed Messiah who will comfort and bring deliverance to the Israelites from the Roman Empire. Although the battle would not include weapons just as how David did it from the past, Jesus’ way of fighting against the oppression was through his teachings about God’s enduring values and principles, which are supposed to bring the people to their victory. Absolute power and authority are what John is trying to put in the name of Jesus in his writings. This is to justify his claim that Jesus is God. John is trying to emphasize that one should have a strong doctrine of believing that God’s ultimate characteristics and Jesus’ are one. John is appealing his claim to those believers who strongly placed absolute power and authority in the word of God, as John himself claims that God and His Word are one and the Word is Jesus made flesh and dwelt among us. However, just like Matthew, John’s ultimate purpose of sharing the Gospel is to proclaim that Jesus is to deliver us from our sins for us to receive eternal life. Nowadays, because of the sins those describe in the Bible, many people are unable to experience the joy or the life God wants His people to experience. Just like the Israelites

Cancer Cells Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cancer Cells - Research Paper Example As a female child ages into a woman, the hips gradually become broader to permit the mature female to carry the growing fetus in her womb. The breasts become well-developed to allow her to provide the best nutrition possible once she delivers the conceived child. And since each multicellular organism is a composite of many cells, what we see happening to it is a reflection of what is happening inside the body, within the cells. The aging process of a multicellular organism such as a human is a reflection of division, development, and programmed cell death of its somatic cells. For a cell, the earliest physiological process to disappear once it is developing is its ability to produce daughter cells. Because once a cell is developing, it steps out of the cell cycle and enter a nondiving state, the Go phase. Most of the cells in a developed human body are in Go. Most common examples of these are the specialized neurons, which do not divide (Campbell and Reece, 2002, p. 226). So on the onset of life, a fertilized egg cell divides into many, and will be grouped according to what their functions will be once they develop defining characteristics that make them different from others. However, normal cells cannot multiply forever. Not only will development not permit them, as is the case once a cell dies before the organism, but mortality is engraved in the DNA. Since DNA replication mechanism only makes a daughter strand by adding nucleotides at the 3’ end, its 5’ end, which an RNA primer filled during the course of DNA replication, is left unfilled once the primer is removed, and the resulting DNA is shorter after every replication. The good thing is, the 5’ ends of DNA strands, called telomeres, do not actually code for a gene and are thus dispensable. But since telomeres are of defined length, DNA replication and cell division can only go through a defined number of cycles as well (Campbell

Individual Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Individual Project - Assignment Example 2 Introduction   We have selected a small restaurant that provides food for the locals, the name of the restaurant is the â€Å"Raymond Cafe†. It offers many special kinds of coffees, tea, home-based sandwiches, soups, salads and continental dishes. Over the last five years, business has been dilapidated steadily. The cafe is not operated in the capacity of current technology trends and procedures. There are no computing devices in the cafe which may enhance the cafe operations and procedures. The information of the customers and orders is stored manually. The clientele and food recipes are also not written anywhere. The supply chain management is manually recorded in a notepad along with the salaries of all staff of the cafe. Information regarding the marketing coupons is also stored in the notepad. 3 Competitive Advantage   The analysis related to competitors in the area needs to be carefully analyzed before setting up a strategic plan. The competitive advantage is the c onclusion of the unique strategy of the cafe which cannot be adopted by the competitors. The unique strategy includes customer loyalty at its best which also a vital element for a successful business. An easy definition of Competitive advantage is â€Å"when the firm has the capacity to differentiate from its rivals, when it is able to create more economic value than competing firms† (Lowe, 2013). For entering â€Å"Raymond Cafe† in a new demanding industry, Michael Porter’s five forces model will assist the evaluation of the challenges. The model will assist to conclude the relative attractiveness of an industry. In Fig 1.1 Michael Porter’s five forces model is illustrated. The threat of new entrants, suppliers, buyers and substitutes is directly impacting on the centralized hub which is the rivalry among existing competitors. These are many restaurants in the city which offers the same range of products and prices. There are also rumors that Starbucks i s opening soon just a few blocks away from the cafe. The staff of the cafe is worried on the current operations of the cafe which they think are incompetent. The staff needs a motivation in terms of technology which assures that the competition will not influence the business and customers. Segmenting the competitive advantage on Porter’s Five-Force analysis, the buying power needs to be overcome. A strategy is required to address the concerns of the employees. Customer loyalty programs are required for enhancing customer satisfaction and experience at the Raymond Cafe. For an efficient customer loyalty programs, integration of Information technology is essential to track and inform the customers about the new products and prices on the Internet. Customer loyalty programs are the most popular marketing strategies adopted by organizations across a variety of industries. Programs that are alleged positively by customers will in turn create strong mind-set of customer loyalty an d higher customer revenue (Furinto, Pawitra, & Balqiah, 2009). The cafe should offer a unique menu which other cafes do not offer enabling the alcove dining experience that can only be purchased at the cafe. The existing cafe has a small Supplier

Extended Time Out in Operation Rooms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Extended Time Out in Operation Rooms - Essay Example However, despite those ongoing protocols, the effectiveness of those safety strategies is still unknown. Wrong site surgery can cause extremely bad outcomes, which may range from performing surgery on the wrong side of the body and delayed the necessary treatments to amputating the wrong leg then the patient is suffering both physically and psychologically. In order to improve better outcomes and prevent those preventable surgical mistakes, an extended surgical timeout (STO), also called second time out was implanted into the health care system. This dissertation discusses the effectiveness of the extended STO out based on evidence from research and case studies, and it also explores the interventions used to reduce risks of wrong site surgery. This dissertation also analyzes patient who is allergic to epinephrine and how extended surgical time out improved their quality of care. The article, â€Å"The extended surgical time-out: does it improve quality and prevent wrong-site surgery?† focuses on pediatric surgery and review the results of the implementation of an extended surgical time out. The members of Harbor-UCLA Medical Centre implemented extended surgical time out beginning January 2006. The protocol included confirming a patient’s ID, anesthetic, and technical details, medications administered and the available ones and the need for special equipment and blood products (Lee, 2010). The impacts of implementing surgical timeout were then studied before induction of anesthesia and surveys of both before and after implementing the pre-induction STO were recorded. The results of this study showed that there were no significant differences in elapsed time to incision for both urgent and elective operations and after implementing pre-induction surgical timeout (Lee, 2010).

Human Behavior in an Organization Essay Example for Free

Human Behavior in an Organization Essay In an organization there are lots of factors to be considered for the company to achieve its goals and objective and succeed. These factors include communication, motivation, leadership skills, personal characteristics of employees, interaction between and among employees and teamwork. Communication is significant in transferring information because the information to be transferred must be precise and accurate to avoid miscommunication. Failure to communicate proper information might cause a negative long-term effect on the company. Furthermore, miscommunication may result to personal conflicts between members of an organization. Persons or employees in the organization must feel motivated to achieve the goals and objectives that should be met. This motivation may come from personal factors, such as for family and self-competence, or external factors, such as salaries or benefits are tied to performance of doing a job. Highly motivated members are the ones who mostly done their job efficiently. Management must motivate employees for them to do their jobs efficiently and effectively so as to lessen any probable negative impacts to the organization. There is always a person or a group of persons that will initiate any activities done by an organization and we usually call these people as leaders. A leader must be sensitive to feelings of others but not to the extent that it would prejudice any undertakings made by the group. We see different kinds of leaders, there are those who are autocratic or who don’t listen to what others has to say but there are also those that listens, hears and considers the point of view of others. Conflicts may arise in an organization primarily because of the personal characteristics of each employee that are not acceptable to others. This should not be done because everyone is different in his or her own way. Conflicts between employees would result to negative effects that would cause to fail to meet the objectives. These problems between members must be resolve to build a better relationship between them and to be able to prevent this problems to arise again in the future. In any activity that an organization should do, teamwork must always be present. This is very important to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives efficiently. In a team, each one must do their part to help achieve the goal and not help prejudice the activity. In a team, together everyone achieves more, which means that if members would just work together, all of the objectives, even the least important objective will be met. There are weaknesses and strengths inside a group and this must be taken into considerations, to eliminate these weaknesses and improve those strengths. Team building activities may be done by the organization to improve the relationship between and among members so as to have a team that works together for a common goal. Hence, goal congruence arises, which is very important factor that must exist inside the organization. Thus, proper communication, motivation, leadership skills, relationships between members and teamwork must exist within an organization. In this way, any goals and objectives of the organization will be met. As long as each one of the members do their parts well, nothing could go wrong and the organization will be successful in any activities they will undertake.

The Recruitment and Selection Process

The Recruitment and Selection Process According to Trevor Bolton (1997) recruitment is concerned with the production of the definitions of a job (job descriptions and personnel specifications) and also with attracting the interest of suitably qualified candidates in the vacant position. Recruitment can be defined as a process of attracting individuals on a timely basis, in sufficient numbers and with appropriate qualifications and attitudes and encouraging them to apply for jobs in the organisations (Armstrong, 1999). Furthermore, as per Snell and Bohlander (2007), recruitment is described as the process of locating potential individuals who might join an organisation and encouraging them to apply for existing or anticipated job openings. Similarly, Noe et al (2008) support that recruitment is the practice or activity carried out by the organisation with the primary purpose of identifying and attracting potential employees. On the other hand, Dave Bartram (2000), in his study Internet Recruitment and Selection: Kissing frogs to find princes contradicted that recruitment filters the numbers of applicants down by selecting out those who fail to meet key criteria and that traditionally, recruitment has been required in order to reduce the numbers of applicants to a practical size for the more formal and more resource-intensive select-in assessments (interviews, psychometric tests, assessment centres exercises, etc). Barber (1998) points out that recruitment is an important part of Human Resource management as it performs the essential function of drawing an important resource-human capital into the organisation. Lievens et al (2002) asserted that the war for talent meant that the emphasis in organisations moved from the selection to the attraction of employees, and the labour market. Research by HR prospects (2003) found that recruitment was the second highest priority for HR practitioners (after absence management). Nonetheless, some researchers and practitioners recognise that the recruitment process is complex in nature, mediated by organisational, legislative, social and political requirements and expectations (Courtis, 1994; Hinton, 2000 et al) with a multiple number of stages, activities and characteristics (Barber, 1998; Breaugh, 1992 et al). The major criticism has been the attempt by researchers and practitioners to render the participants, the people and the organisation as objects tha t are controllable and manageable units when applied to rational and scientific methods (Hilton, 2000 et al). Gatewood et al (1993) acknowledge that recruitment is a more complex concept that is influenced by the job choice process of applicants in terms of the series of decisions made about which jobs and organisations to pursue for future employment. 2.1.1.1 Recruitment Policies Trevor Bolton (1997) proposes that policies for recruitment should be: cost effective, be consistent with the wider public relations aim of the organisation as it is important to remember that potential employees are also actual or potential customers and finally should not discriminate against people on the basis of sex, race, age, physical disability or religion. Again, Noe et al (2003) validates that the key policies of recruitment are: attracting a group of potential candidates for existing vacancies, ensuring that fair means and processes are used for all recruitment activities and all recruitment activities should contribute to organisations goals and objectives and thus project a positive organisational image to those who come in contact with it. 2.1.1.2 Recruitment Process Peter Stimpson (2005) described the recruitment process into the following steps: establish the precise nature of the job vacancy and draw up a job description (or specification) draw up a person specification, that is, the type of qualities and skills being looked for in suitable applicants devise a job advertisement reflecting the requirements of the job and the personal qualities looked for. Once the applications have been received, the selection process can begin. 2.1.2 Selection Armstrong (1999) defines selection as the process of choosing from a group of applicants the best suited individual. Also, Dave Bartram (2000) supports that in the selection process; there are various forms of assessments that are used to select those candidates with the best potential for success in the job. Snell and Bohlander (2007) state that selection is the process of choosing individuals who have relevant qualifications to fill existing or projected job openings. In simple terms, selection involves choosing the best applicant to fill a position (Grobler, 2006 et al). 2.1.3 The Recruitment and Selection Process Ideally, the recruitment and selection process is intended to identify prospective employees who will fit well with the hiring organisation. Clark (1992) points out that even a small number of poor staffing decisions can have significant impact upon the goals of the organisation and hence, the Recruitment and Selection process in the Human Resource Management should be efficient. Furthermore, Sheila Rioux and Paul Bernthal (2001) found that better Recruitment and Selection strategies result in improved organisation outcomes. However, it is a complex and expensive process (Sohel Ahmad and Roger G. Schroeder, 2002). Ndunuju Adiele (2009) agrees that the most important job of a HR person is the selection and hiring/recruitment of employees. He also stated that it cannot be faulted that the success of any firm depends on the quality of human resources or talents in that firm and this is why it is very important for any HR expert to be very sure of hiring the right staff without compromis ing anything from the onset. The more effectively organisations recruit and select candidates, the more likely they are to hire and retain satisfied employees. In their study Recruitment and Selection Process in HRM- A case of Bangladesh Open University, MD. Abu Taher and Kamrul Arefin (2000) concern that because of the high cost of poor Recruitment and Selection, if an organisation fails to select the right person, it has to suffer as long as those persons stay in the organisation, even if the quality of service is strongly influenced by the Recruitment and Selection Process in the organisation. 2.1.3.1 Employee Recruitment and Selection process Flow Chart (Figure 1, Appendix I) Optimal match of employee talents with organisational needs Performance Appraisal Training Placement Orientation Initial Screening Recruitment Selection Human resource planning Feedback regarding past and present job performance supervisor/subordinate plans for the future Competence to perform present or future job requirements Understanding of company/ departmental policies, procedures and benefits New employees Cognitive, work sample, or situational tests, personality inventories, polygraphs A smaller pool of qualified candidates Recommendations, reference checks, application blanks, interviews Specification of human resource requirements A pool of qualified candidates Planning, operations, control Job analysis Products Activities Step Source: Wayne F. Casino, 1998 Figure 1. 2.2 E-Recruitment 2.2.1 Evolution of HRM and the internet 2.2.1.1 Internet as a recruiting tool Edgeley (1995) alleged that the future of recruitment is on the net and it is the internet which will bring radical change to corporate recruiting. This claim proved to be true when Kerschbaumer (2000) agreed that it took more than 30 years for radio as a medium to reach 50 million of listeners, and the internet reached 50 millions of users within 5 years. Online recruitment has indeed grown rapidly over the past 10 years and now it is used to a greater extent all over the world by both recruiters and job seekers (Capelli, 2001). The internet first emerged as a recruiting tool in the mid-1990s and was named as recruiting evolution by the media due the benefits it could bring to recruiters (Boydell, 2002). Bush et al (2002) supports that the adoption of the web as a medium has been faster than any other medium in history. In addition, Crispin and Mehler (2006) found that 20 per cent external hires were from corporate sites and another 13 per cent were from jobs boards. Also, in the UK , it was found that two third of the organisations in 2004 used job boards (independent websites which are used to match multiple recruiters to job applicants typically through recruiter advertisements). 2.2.1.2 Shift from traditional way of recruiting and selecting to new way From relevant literature, the traditional recruitment method is the way that a company announce a job opening to the market place through classified advertisement, an executive recruiter, a job fair or other media (Othman Musa, 2006). Web-based technology which has a number of hiring activities can effectively streamline hiring processes by making them faster, more efficient, and less costly. Timeliness is critical to both the candidate and the organisation and unnecessary delays while paper is being routed or data being entered into numerous systems are clearly targets for improvement for the process (A. Walker, 2001). Good candidates are lost by unnecessary delays. In terms of HRM, the internet has changed recruitment from both an organisational and a job seekers point of view (Feldman, 2002, Epstein, 2003, Warner, et al 2005). Traditional recruitment processes are known as being time-consuming with long hiring cycle times, high costs per process and minimal reach to job seekers ( Lee, 2005). In his article Training and human resource issues in small e-business: towards a research agenda, Harry Matlay (2004) drew the same conclusion and argued that in the early 1990, ICT and the internet began impacting on organisational growth, development and competitiveness at both micro- and macro-economic levels and as more and more customers and suppliers began to use the internet, the speed, direction and emphasis on strategic change and competitive drive shifted from traditional trade to online business transactions taking place within a fast growing and rapidly expanding digital economy. 2.2.1.3 Factors contributing to shift Rapid introduction of the internet into the recruitment process can primarily be attributed to the Internets unique communication capabilities which allow for written communication (e-mails and documents) to be transmitted for a second; for organisations and individuals websites to be accessed at the click of a mouse and for real-time conversations (print, audio and visual) to be conducted rapidly (Wyld, Bingham et al, 1997). Similarly, Ulrich (1997) concurs that an emerging HR practice area that will require investment of time, talent and resources needs technology which can help in reducing the tension between strategic and administrative role and can remove part of the administrative responsibility. Furthermore, as per Sharon Hill (2001) the factors behind recruiting via the internet as low cost, reach, speed, ease, coverage and products and services for example, resume databases, online applications, banners, profiles etc. Empirical studies also have helped enormously in finding the factors contributing to the shift from traditional way of recruiting people to new way. For example, David Pollitt (2007), stated in his article Superdrug prescribes e-recruitment to improve talent management, that the HRM manager of the health and beauty retailer Superdrug claimed that it is essential that their recruitment process is as fast and efficient as possible and the launch of their careers websites helped them largely to quickly and efficiently process large numbers of applications and thus reducing the administrative burden of processing CVs. Moreover, M. Voermans and M. Van Veldhoven (2007) in their study about Attitude towards E-HRM: an empirical study at Philips alleges that nowadays companies can seek the possibilities to run HR operations more efficiently due to the swift development of electronic HR systems. Through internet, communication is quick, easy and cheap and it can reach on a local, national and international scale. In addition, Graeme Martin and Martin Reddington (2009) Reconceptualising absorptive capacity to explain the e-enablement of the HR function (e-HR) in organisations validates that HR can claim to help create competitive advantage and align the function of creating added value for managers and employees through efficient information flows by reducing HR transaction costs and Headcount for example, supplying HR information to a large number of people virtually and help in delivering e-training and e-learning to a large number of people. 2.2.2 Online Recruitment E-recruitment, also known within the literature as online recruitment, Internet recruiting or cybercruiting refers to posting vacancies on the corporate web site or on an online recruitment vendors website, and allowing applicants to send their resumes electronically via e-mail or in some electronic format (Galanaki, 2002). Similarly, Lievens and Harris (2003) et al define online recruitment as any method of attracting applicants to apply a job that relies heavily on internet. Furthermore, online recruitment is the method of matching job seekers to employers that has emerged over the last few years, and is growing quickly than any other means (Cooper Robertson, 2003). Therefore it can be summarized that e-recruitment is the use of technology to assist the recruitment process where job vacancies are advertised through world-wide web. Whilst e-recruitment is considered a relatively new concept for many organisations, articles on the topic first started appearing in the mid-1980s (Casper, 1985; Gentner 1984). However, it wasnt until almost a decade later in the mid-1990s that more systematic and rigorous literature and research on e-recruitment began to appear in human resource journals (E.R. Marr, 2007). The rise in the amount of literature in e-recruitment was initially attributed to the sudden increase in the use of online recruitment by IT companies and universities (Galanaki, 2002). Types of E-Recruitment A number of means has led to the increase in the use of the internet as a recruitment source. The three most common means identified by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD, 1999), cited in the article by Galanaki (2002) are: Firstly, the addition of recruitment pages to the organisations existing website. (As indicated by Lee (2005), this avenue is becoming increasingly common primarily as a result of rising costs and inflexibility of using other e-recruitment means and traditional media). Secondly, there is the use of specialised recruitment websites which act as a medium between organisations and potential applicants such as online job boards, job portals, job agencies and online recruiters and finally the use of media sites which involves placing an advertisement in a more traditional media such as newspaper which also has its own website and posts the same advertisement simultaneously in the website, usually for free. Similarly, Preetam Kaushik (2010) in his article E-Recruitment Trends: Internet and the Recruitment Process agrees that E-recruitments are generally done in two different ways. For example, post the company profile and the job specifications on one of the many available job portals and also search the portal to see if any suitable resumes are on the site or alternate is to create an online recruitment page on the companys own website where job seekers can submit their resumes which will get added to the database of the organization for future consideration. Criteria for effective E-Recruitment Arundhati Ghosh (2005): E- Recruitment: The Recent Trend of Recruitment Practices points out that in order to have an effective online recruitment, the organizations should be concerned about various factors such as Return on Investment which should be calculated to compare the costs and risks, the recruitment policy which has to be flexible and proactive to adapt market changes, unemployment rate as the whole process depends on the availability of candidates in the market and for every post, position it is not viable to spend too much of time because these rates will determine whether to be stringent or lenient, the impact of supplying compensation details that are the wage, salary, benefits as compensation rate of the company not only reaches to the candidates but will be known to all, the words that discriminates gender, age, religion and so on have to be avoided, and finally they need to be selective while choosing the sites because when special skill candidates are searched then generic job search sites have to be avoided. 2.3 Advantages and disadvantages of E-Recruitment 2.3.1 Perceived Advantages Given that the average job hunters spend around six to eleven hours each week searching and pursuing suitable positions, the flexibility of the internet is extremely attractive as a means of sourcing jobs (Farris Dumans, 1999). Also, the internet acts as a database of information for organisations, including information pertaining to potential applicants, if organisations know how to find and use it (Gutmacher and Leonard, 2000). According to Gutmacher (2000), Galanaki (2002) et al (2004), the biggest perceived advantage of internet recruiting is that individuals can quickly and easily access information in a wide range of job opportunities twenty-fours a day, seven days a week, reducing the need for employees to actively job hunt whilst performing current job duties, thereby minimising the visibility of the job search. They also further identified that online advertising helps in attracting the interest of high quality people, also known as passive job seekers, who are not actively searching for a job. The information can be passed through friends or collegues who are engaged in online social networking. Feldman and Klaas (2002) also claim that internet is a useful location to generate information on a wide array of industries, companies and search variables including the geographic location, job type or industry type, the remuneration and all when looking for jobs. Furthermore, Bingham et al (2002), Epstein et al (2003) and McCurry (2005) validates that the internet has been classified as an interactive source which helps to engage applicants by providing pertinent and more in-depth information about the job and the organisation through links to tesmonials and employment benefits sites. For organisations, online recruitment provides an opportunity for jobs to be advertised in global, local or niche markets, presenting the flexibility for recruiters to adapt the source to target an identified job market, or allowing for a brand scope of potential applicants by opening the job to the global market (Smith, 2005). Another advantage is that there is a reduction in the time for recruitment as organisations are able to source and process applications round the clock compared to traditional sources (Lee, 2005). Last but not the least, in his article Internet Recruitment, Radcliff (2000) mentions that it is easier for applicants to search for job vacancies and apply online rather than going through newspapers and submitting hard copy resumes to companies. As for Erica Marr (2007) E-Recruitment: The effectiveness of the internet as a recruitment source, she points out that another advantage cited in the literature on e-recruitment is the reduced costs associated with internet advertising compared to print advertising where the size of the advertisement and the publication itself impacts in the cost of posting the advertisement. She also alleges that more people get access to the internet nowadays and consequently there are a limited number of people who bother to read advertisements in newspapers. 2.3.2 Perceived Disadvantages As with all recruitment sources, there are not only unique advantages related to the medium, but there are also a number of shortages identified by a number of authors (Capelli 2001, Feldman et al 2002). Of major concern is the perception that the internet will generate a high quantity of applications. Screening and checking the skill mapping and authenticity of millions of resumes is a problem and time consuming exercise (Carlson, Dessler, Chyna et al, 2002). Moreover, it takes less effort and fewer costs for applicants to store their rà ©sumà © electronically and apply for a job online. Consequently organisations will be receiving a greater number of applications and as a result there will be an increase in costs of administering more in the recruitment and selections systems (Gutmacher 2000, and Smith et al 2004). Austin Texas (2001) in his article Impact of the internet on the recruitment of skilled labour mentions that one of the disadvantages of online recruitment is that there may be low internet penetration and lack of awareness of internet in some remote locations. Galanaki (2002) The decision to recruit online: A descriptive study argues that some large organisations have already found it necessary to officially dedicate one or more recruiters to focus all of their time exclusively to internet recruitment due to the extra time and effort needed for implementation. Referring to CIPD (1999), Galanaki (2002) also noted that many organisations lack the resources or the expertise needed to achieve an integrated e-recruitment process. They have to be ready to deal with the relevant IT tools such as search engines, databases, CV-screening and to undertake a whole change management effort in order to get the employees familiar with the implementation of the necessary tools. Another disadvantage highlighted in the article is that for the majority of job seekers, internet still is not the first option as organisations cannot be dependant solely and totally on the online recruitment methods. Furthermore, the study about E-HR at KPN conducted by David Pollitt (2006) adds that not all companies find it easy to move to e-recruitment. This is because the technology, the processes and the people capability have to be managed simultaneously and the risk that companies face is that HR managers, trying to pay more attention to get the technology right, sometimes give less importance to the processes and the employees. Therefore, there is a need to consider the new system first, prepare the workforce and then embrace the new technology to avoid unplanned circumstances. Another urgent need is to ensure that the organisations senior managers back the changes. Finally, in her article Careers and Employment, Kristian Keefer (2009) sums up the disadvantages as: a company which is hiring online will not have the ability to meet the individual applicants in person before recruiting them; employers might receive the positive impression of someone who ends up not being the best choice for the job; a perfect resume might be received but after contacting the person concerned, the employer may be disappointed if the applicant does not show any interest in the job. This is a waste of time and money. 2.4 Success of E-Recruitment As per D. B. Morin (2000) there are approximately 700 million people using the consumer internet and one of the most usages of the internet is to conduct online job searches, and one of the most searched-on key words is jobs. In short, the internet is fundamentally changing the way the recruitment industry is operating and it can be an extremely effective tool for hiring. Therefore, D. B. Morin (2000) has devised two ways to ensure successful internet recruitment. First and foremost, there is a need to build a recruitment centre within the companys own website. Logically, candidates will first look for jobs on the companys website if they are interested to work in that particular organisation. As a result, they should be able to have access to all the information about the company immediately. However, before adopting this method of recruitment, there are some issues which may have to be taken into consideration. For example, it should be made easy for prospective candidates to find recruitment area. Many online job applications are submitted by  ´passive ´ job seekers, that is, individuals who are not actively seeking a career change, but are intrigued enough by an individual job offer to apply. A conspicuous recruitment area will draw these  ´passive ´ job seekers in. Also, an efficient method of collecting job applications (i.e. will candidates email their rà ©sumà ©s or do you plan to build an online rà ©sumà © builder) can be established. Finally, we have to ensure that there are the resources to provide prompt responses to enquiries and applications.   With close to a billion users online, one good job advertisement could potentially swamp an entire HR department. As technology continues to evolve, there is an ever-increasing array of resume  ´sifting ´ software available. Secondly, we should advertise in websites. According to D. B. Morin (2000), there has been literally an explosion of online career centres, job guides, and recruiting services and there are now over 33,000 career specific websites on the Internet. The primary advantage to advertising our open positions on one or more recruitment websites is our extreme popularity with job seekers. If we are considering placing ads on the Internet, there are a few points to consider when evaluating sites such as does the site target candidates with a high likelihood of appropriate qualification? Is navigating around the site uncomplicated? Is the site professional and is it aligned with our company ´s image? How are postings added to the database and how often can you update or delete your listing? Or how many visits does the site get weekly and monthly? With such a plethora of job sites on the internet now, organisations need to position their job advertisements where they will gain the most exposu re to the most appropriate audiences. Just as there is no one way to recruit, similarly there is no one place to list jobs. Organisations need to employ a combination of recruitment strategies, services and resources to position their job advertisements effectively. By limiting the company ´s recruiting efforts to the Internet, many key applicants could be missed for jobs opportunities. For instance, in a study conducted by Drake Beam Morin (2000), the Internet provided sources for new jobs in only 4% of cases, compared to networking which produced opportunities in 64% of cases studied. The key element to consider for online recruitment is where qualified applicants would most likely look for open positions. Once that is determined, a media plan including a variety of targeted venues can be thoroughly constructed and evaluated. 2.5 Conclusion From the relevant literature, there is an argument that e-recruitment is needed to be used in conjunction with other techniques. Caggiano (1999) and Borck (2000) argue that Internet-based recruiting will not replace traditional practices, but a well-implemented e-recruitment strategy can help the recruitment process become more successful. Internet recruiting should be only one of many tools used to find and recruit applicants. Similarly, Pearce Tuten (2001) pointed out that although the employers see the advantages of e-recruitment, they continued to use traditional methods such as newspaper ads, personal referrals, and search agencies for most of their recruiting. Employer viewed the Internet as an important additional tool. Cullen (2001) also supports that e-recruitment is not treated as a stand-alone human resource tool but is integrated into an overall recruiting and selection strategy that includes, among other things, sophisticated behavioral and skills assessment, interviewing, and additional means of identifying needs and sourcing candidates. Previous studies show that a human resource department still uses both traditional method and e-recruitment in recruiting process. More than 75% of HR professionals are now using Internet job boards in addition to traditional recruiting method (HR Portal, 2003).

Brief History Of International Business Commerce Essay

Brief History Of International Business Commerce Essay International business is defined as the transactions that are carried out across national borders to fulfill the objectives of individuals, companies and organizations. The different modes by which international business is being done are import-export trade, foreign direct investment, licensing, franchising and management contracts. Over the last five decades international trade and investment have grown faster than the domestic economies. International business facilitates flow of idea, services and capital across the globe. The result is higher levels of innovation, faster dissemination of goods and information worldwide, more efficient use of human capital and improved access to financing (Czinkota, Ronkainen and Moffett, 2009). Brief History of International Business International business is not a new phenomenon but has been practiced around the world for thousands of years. Through the routes established in the Mediterranean, the Phoenicians, Mesopotamians, and Greeks did trading. As sophisticated business techniques emerged, facilitating the flow of goods, resources and funds between countries flourished. This growth was further stimulated by colonization activities. The Industrial Revolution further stimulated the growth of international business by providing methods of production for mass ,markets and efficient methods for utilizing raw materials. The inventions and technological developments from Industrial revolution further accelerated the smooth flow of goods, services and capital between the countries. The production grew at unprecedented levels by 1880s as the industrial revolution was in full swing in Europe and the United States. Growth continued in an upward spiral as mass production was realized and the manufactures were pushed to seek foreign markets for their products. This marked the emergence of multinational corporations. (Ajami,Cool, Goddard and Khambata, 2006) Factors leading to Growth in International Business Development and expansion of technology The introduction of telegraph in 1837, the telephone in 1876, the wireless in 1895, the aero plane in 1903, the television in 1926, the liquid fuelled rocket in 1927, the coaxial cable in 1930s and digital computer in 1946 were all the key events that triggered the growth of international business. Next to air transport, electronic communication, digital information processing has been the other principal area of technological innovation. All these technological advancements provided the platform for companies to set off increased number of international business activities. (Marios Katsioloudes, Spyros Hadjidakis, ) Liberalization of cross border activities The governmental barriers for international business have been lowered after the Second World War. The European Union, NAFTA, ASEAN and other regional economic blocs throughout the world provide fewer restrictions on cross border movements. The European Union was awarded the Nobel prize for peace 2012 in recognition for its constructive handling of peace, improving relations between nations through trade, reconciliation and human rights in Europe over the past six decades. (Europa.eu, 2012) The European commission president Jose Manuel Barrosa at the outset of receiving prize said that, we honor this prize and will preserve what had been achieved. This achievement will propel the quest for shaping a better organized world with the values of freedom, democracy and human rights.(Guardian.co.uk, 2012) Development of supporting services Governments and companies have developed services that facilitate further international business. For instance Mail, which is a government monopoly, could be transferred by an airline other than that of the country of origin could go through many different countries before reaching the final destination with the stamp of the country of origin. Also banking institutions have developed effective and efficient means for companies to receive payment for their foreign sales. The banks can assist in the payment of any currency through various international transactions upon the receipt of goods /services. (Marios Katsioloudes, Spyros Hadjidakis, ) Distinctive elements of international business The four distinctive elements of international business are: Globalization International Business Environment Unique Culture International Business Management Globalization: People around the globe are more connected than ever before. Goods and services produced in one part of the world is increasingly available in other parts of the world. This phenomenon is termed as globalization. Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. Globalization has two components which are globalization of production and globalization of markets. (Aswathappa) Globalization of markets refers to the merging of separate and distinct market place into a single market. (Subba Rao, 2009). The global acceptance of consumer products such as Sony Walkmans, Coca-Cola, Levis Jeans, Citicorp Credit Cards, MCDonald Hamburgers are all considered as prototypical examples of this trend. By offering a standardized product worldwide they are helping to create a global market. (Marios Katsioloudes, Spyros Hadjidakis, ) Globalization of production refers to the tendency among firms to source goods and services from locations around the world to take global advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production. (Labor, land, energy and capital) Companies hope to lower overall cost structure by doing so. For example, Boeing companys jet airliner 777 has 132,500 component parts which are produced around the world by 545 suppliers. (Marios Katsioloudes, Spyros Hadjidakis, ) International Business Environment The international business environment is highly characterized and influenced by International Politics International Culture International Trade International financial markets and Institutions International Politics International politics is a primary concern for Multi National Enterprises. (MNEs) The past two decades have witnessed dramatic change in their political systems. Most of the countries in the Eastern Europe, in the Americas are building market economies in varying degrees. MNEs feel more confident in starting up their operations in market driven economy as they are endowed with more freedom to fix prices and more liberty in carrying out their business operations. Until MNEs feel that the government is willing to take the steps necessary to ensure that promises are kept and they are able to repatriate their funds, they are going to proceed very cautiously with their investment plans. (Rugman and Collinson, 2006) International Culture Despite the various patterns and processes of globalization, Cultural awareness is a very important aspect for MNEs when it operates in international arena. As an example, the culture, beliefs and etiquettes which are followed in the India is entirely different from that of the western world and the companies and persons who are involved in business in India should comprehend the Indian culture to its full extent. When going to a business meeting in India , bring family photos. Indians enjoy talking about each others families, which is seen as building trust and rapport before doing business. (Czinkota,Ronkainen and Moffet, ) Real Business Case Saudi Arabia: Many organizations from foreign countries entered into the Saudi Arabian market following the crisis it faced in 1970s. But not all were successful as they failed to understand the Saudi Arabian culture. A major U.S security company won a large contract to install security system for a client in Saudi Arabia. The troubles started when the shipments from the U.S. which landed in Saudi Arabia were not released by the custom officials. The reason behind the detainment of the shipments was that the security devices were wrapped in newspapers which contained fashion photographs of scantly claded women. This offended the cultural sensitivities of the officials of a nation in which majority of the women wear a long garment called Abayah. (Misra and Yadav, ) International Trade International trade is a broad term, which includes all commercial transactions that take place between nations. Multinational companies are major players in international trade and account for the major proportion of International trade. Some classic examples for international trade are, Ford which makes gear box in its factory in Bordeaux and exports it to assembly plants in different EU countries. Spain depends upon Nigeria, Algeria and Libya for 99% of its natural gas requirements. (Misra and Yadav, ) International Financial Markets and Institutions Irrespective of whether a company or bank engages in international trade, it is important that its managers understand some key aspects of international financial markets. The euro currency market, international monetary system, the foreign exchange market all influence the functioning of markets for goods and services. The euro currency market may offer a low cost borrowing opportunity; the international monetary system may set a framework that may affect many firms and the foreign exchange market determines the cost and availability of foreign currencies used in business by many firms. Unique Culture International business and its by product globalization will ensure and enforce a unique culture around the globe. For example, Pizza which has had its origin in Italy is now widely accepted and consumed all around the world thus integrating the culture and bringing about a unique food culture. Similarly Indian costumes are in high demand these days in the U.S and Europe. So international business is bringing forth a common culture which brushes out all national and cultural barriers. International Business Management International business management is all about developing business operations on an international scale. (Coade,1997). The key features of international business management are: The elements of market analysis which are required to start business operations overseas. Guidance on how to influence the international strategy on business Construct a dynamic market entry strategy Easy ways to search for a competitive advantage Why do companies go international? The desire to expand sales and revenue to acquire inputs at least cost and to minimize business and financial risk through geographic diversification has led to the growth of MNCs. The factors that led the companies accelerate their business activities worldwide are: Minimize competitive risk Expand sales Acquire resources Cost Minimize Competitive Risk Companies seek to have global presence for defensive reasons. The intense competition between companies in the domestic market incites companies to have global operations. Real Business Case Tata Motors: Since early 1990s India have been witnessing strong waves of liberalization, privatization, and globalization. The automobile giant in India, Tata motors realized that if it wants to grow then it cannot afford to have business solely to the fortunes of one country as automotive business is highly competitive and the competitiveness depends on the quality, economies of scale and efficiency which could be improved if the organization enters foreign market. The senior management of Tata Motors where left with the question whether they should remain as an exporter of vehicles which they were doing since 1961 or to enter into the international market which can compete with the best in the business. The answer they have zeroed in was to widen its business operations than just exports (Misra and Yadav, 2009). Acquire Resources Another important motive of companies to set for international business is to acquire resources such as raw materials, capital, products, technology, products or services. The reasons for it would be: Non-Availability of resources in the home country. High prices of resources in the home country. To seek resources of better quality/standard. Real Business Case Philips: Cheap labor in China brought Philips to China. In 2002 Philips had 23 factories in china which were either wholly owned or joint ventures. Two third of the companys export products were from these plants. According to Gerard Kleiterlee, the president and CEO of Philips Electronics, China is the second largest market for Philips Surpassing Germany in the last quarter of 2009. We are one of the largest multinationals in the country operating in 600 Chinese cities and employ 15000 people. (Philips.com, 2010) Minimize Risk Organizations always want to minimize the risk by minimizing the swings in sales and profit. Companies try to mitigate the vulnerability to a single economy by having a broader base in multiple geographies. Real Business Case Nestle: In 2001, Nestle witnessed slower growth in Western Europe and in the U.S. but this was offset by higher growth in Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia. According to Peter Brabeck , Vice chairman and CEO of Nestle, Nestle has delivered a good performance by any measure in the first half of 2002 demonstrating its capacity for growth and performance improvement even in a difficult global environment (Nestle, 2002). Cost Cost aspect is a significant motivation for organizations to have inclination towards global business. Many organizations go in for international business to become more competitive internationally by reducing their costs. Real Business Case Toshiba: The manufacturing of Toshiba laptop is dispersed geographically where the mix of factor costs and skills are most favorable. The manufacturing of laptop components such as memory chips and display screens take place in Japan, microprocessors and hard drives made in the U.S. and finally assembly takes place in Singapore from where it is shipped to the U.S, Western Europe and Japan. Global Trends shaping International Business Emerging markets increase their global power Emerging markets are viewed as the worlds economic growth engine. The emerging markets where once seen as home for natural resources, cheap labor and low manufacturing cost. But now these emerging markets are seen as promising markets as they are having rapid population growth, sustained economic development and growing middle class. It is expected that BRIC nations (Brazil,Russia,India and China) would account for 50% of global GDP growth by 2020. (Ernst and Young, 2012) Cleantech become a competitive advantage Most of the governments and organizations around the world are very well aware about the carbon emissions and its repercussions. The cleantech enabled transformation to a low carbon, resource efficient economy will be the source for next industrial revolution. China, India, Brazil and Germany are gaining advantage in solar, wind, biofuels for its energy requirements. (Ernst and Young, 2012) Global Banking sees recovery through transformation The financial institutions all around the world are forced to have regulatory changes following the global economic slowdown. (Ernst and Young, 2012) The final shape of global regulatory framework is still not clear but the international banking will change tremendously in following fundamental ways: Heightened corporate governance More restrictions on priority trading, investments in hedge funds and private equity funds. Executive pay will be limited. More focus on consumer protection. Demographic shifts will transform global workforce Even though the global population is on a rise, the availability of skilled workforce is shrinking. The data suggests that the demographic divide will arise between countries with younger skilled population and aging shrinking workforce. The war for talent will be intense in areas which require higher skill levels and education. (Ernst and Young, 2012) Rapid technology innovation creates a smart, mobile world Last twenty five years have been marked by digital revolution and it has changed the way we work and communicate. Yet the consumers want more powerful devices and applications, meanwhile businesses are looking for cost-effective technology. Still there is room for greater innovation in the areas of business intelligence, smart devices and cloud computing which would revolutionize the whole process by which international business is being carried out. (Ernst and Young, 2012) Conclusion From daily bread to fuel, cosmetics to cars, entertainment to essentials, it is hard to see a product without having the label of a foreign brand. In fact international business has transformed our lifestyle, culture and tastes. It has to be noted that the positives of international business is overarching the negatives of it. International business has served as a bridge for the developing nations to attain the status of developed nation, for underdeveloped nations it is a ray of hope and for the developed world it is a means to further extend their business operations and supremacy. The good international business has done to the human kind can never be estimated and the history has proved that the international business activities were blossomed when peace existed between nations. Thus international business can be viewed as symbol of prevailing peace, prosperity and general well being of mankind.

Being a Good Leader Essay -- leader, leadership

Leadership is a term on which no one can develop a mutual consensus as it carries a different meaning for ach individual. Some people may consider a person as their leader who is capable of taking them away from hardships, some people may consider the one as their leader who is quite charismatic and can show them dreams of a bright future or some people may consider that man as a leader who can make them progress by devising wise strategies for them etc. There is, somehow, something very common in all the perspectives that are the philosophy behind the definition, which is related to choosing a best of the best person as their leader. Nobody wants to have a person as his leader who doesn’t have knowledge of the needs and aspirations of his people or who is not blessed with a certain temperament foe bearing hardships for the nation etc. But there is something on which all of us would agree that it is a philosophy or an attitude that helps the people in achieving a common goal or destination by having a guide who can give directions to his people. In other words, a leader is a person who is having enough authority to drive others on his commands and directions. It is also be said that leader is the person having its followership because if there is no one who is following a person, the person cannot be granted the status of a leader in spite of all of his leadership qualities (Peter F Drucker; as cited in Mahatma Gandhi, 1982, p.1). Similarly, Warren Bennis has also defined a leadership as quality of knowing one’s own self along with having a vision for the sake of taking the people forward. Interestingly, he doesn’t consider it enough to have a vision but believes in its effective communication to the people to make them convin... ....org/history/gandhi/autobiography.pdf House, R. J. "A path-goal theory of leader effectiveness". Administrative Science Quarterly Vol.16: (1971) 321-339 Keshvan Nair. The code of silence. 1996. P. 35. Maury Jim. Thoughts on Leadership, from Warren Bennis. Leader Values. Optimal Solutions International. Web. 27 May 2015. http://www.leadervalues.com/Content/detail.asp?ContentDetailID=298 Mosby. Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009. Elsevie Parel, A. J. Gandhi, M.K. Hind swaraj and other writings. 1997. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Richard Attenborough. Leadership: Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi – Father of the Nation. Mahatma Gandhi. p.1. 1982. Web. February 07, 2011 from http://www.scribd.com/doc/27495243/Gandhi. Weber, M. ‘The Theory of Social and Economic Organization’. 1947. Glencoe: TheFree Press and the Falcon's Bring Press.

Diction And Imagery In The Poe :: essays research papers

The Challangers Quest   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The world today can be a dangerous place, causing people to be precautions. To be a risk taker in today’s society involves courage and a willingness to be vulnerable. In the poem“Swimming alone,'; author Patricia Keeney uses diction and imagery to convey that venturing into risky situations requires one to be brave and yet desperate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The swim is presented to the reader as an enormous challenge that only the brave and desperate would face, such as a player in a challenging computer game. Diction such as ‘dangerous’ and ‘trouble’ used throughout the swim maintains the risk the swimmer must face. The line“whirled pearl smoke,'; signifies confusion which heightens the unsureness of the situation. Vulnerability becomes evident as the swimmer suffers “cunning furtive spasms.'; The challenge heightens and the swimmer is represented as an “angry isolate.'; Like a computer game special affects are added in to increase the danger such as the lightning and the darkness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagery such as “Deliberately fracturing glass moving down through pools'; conveys the mental picture of the water being glass shattered with every stroke. Shattering glass suggesting danger and fear. “Barely missing the moon’s pale hiss,'; portrays the image of a deadly snake, heightening the risk of the challenge. The depiction of “white nudes between each sizzling shaft,'; brings to the reader the vulnerability the swimmer feels running from one danger to another. Also, the affect of a challenging computer game is again played. The swimmer is like a loosing player challenging each feat and then faced with yet another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some goodness comes out of taking the risk of swimming alone. Ones“prohibition and expectations are ignored.'; The challenger of this feat has let go of all egoism as a result of the vulnerability faced.

Jet Blue Analysis Essay

Jet Blue is now a major U.S. airline that has established itself as a leading low-fare, low cost passenger airline by offering customers high quality customer service and a differentiated product according to Jet Blue 10-K/A pg . Their steps to achieve their goals in the market place are to stimulate demand with low fares. Jet Blue offers a wide variety of low fares that target those leisure travelers and business persons that would have sought out alternative travel options. They emphasize low operating costs. They are fully utilizing technology with incentivized and productive workforces. They excel at maintaining high aircraft utilization by operating a single aircraft type with a single class of service as described in the Jet Blue 10-K/A pg 2. Jet Blue offers point to point flights to underserved and/or overpriced large markets. There is a great deal of demand for these types of services, customers are looking for direct flights and a cheaper price, the additional benefit of Jet Blue travels is the accommodations provided. Customers have free access to DirectTV, larger leather seats, extra legroom compared to other airlines. Lastly, Jet Blue believes their long term success with be because of a how they differentiate their products and services. Jet Blue’s flying experience for customers is more of a pleasure rather than a burden or what sometimes feels like an obstacle getting from point A to point B. Jet Blue does not overbook their flights and they are proactive and honest about any delays especially related to weather. Jet Blue is an organization that primarily relies on operational excellence. Jet Blue does not offer a wide variety of products; they only have one type of aircraft with a single class of service (Jet Blue 10-K/A). They are very interested in customer feedback to continuously improve their services to stand out from the rest of the airlines. They truly take out the hassle in flying. Jet Blue does have its own business risks that may threaten the company’s ability to satisfy stockholder expectations. The airline industry in itself is an extremely competitive industry. There is competition in every city that has more financial resources and a more known brand name. Failure to successfully increase the frequency of flights in their current markets could harm their business. There is a new aircraft being introduced and failure to meet the obligation of ordering the minimum 100 aircraft plus an additional 100 aircrafts will harm the business. These new aircrafts have to be ready for servicing flight schedules they need to be properly financed and meet the necessary certifications. Jet Blue uses the following techniques that could help to reduce the risks of providing a return to their shareholders. Through marketing and distribution Jet Blue has created a customer loyalty program that will reward and recognize the most valuable customers. The people that are hired to work for Jet Blue are considered crewmembers; these crewmembers treat the passengers as they would want to be treated. Jet Blue passengers do not return just because of the low fares, the employees of Jet Blue provide high quality service that keeps people coming back. Jet Blue’s tiered pricing helps the ease of carrying fare that have higher fares with more restrictions Individual fares that are sold for the flights is an example of unit-level activities. These fares will help determine the profitability of a flight and determine their load factor and breakeven load figures. Another unit-level activity that could apply to an airline would be individual salaries of the employees for each flight. If a flight is not completely full, that will limit the number of employees needed to assist in the plane. These activities are monitored and evaluated for top efficiencies by offering low fares in high demand markets and by employing productive and incentive motivated employees. One example of batch-level activities would be fuel. The fuel is a cost per flight no matter how many passengers are aboard. Another example would be the total of aircraft owned and leased by the company. An airline will need to fully utilize all aircraft that is in working condition to collect revenue towards any rents and loans. If an airline owns 44 planes and only can book 40 of those planes for business, they are still paying on the full 44 planes, thus being a batch-level activity of the airline. Jet Blue has taken many steps to utilize the fuel purchased for use and the efficiency of booking their flights with a single service. There is a new aircraft that is replacing the current aircrafts that is equipped with larger leather seats, entertainment, and added comfort. Jet Blue is working tirelessly to make sure this aircraft is financed in the most efficient way as well as passing all certifications required for flying. As described by Noreen, Brewer, & Garrison (2011) a customer-level activity is one that includes sales calls, catalog mailings, and general technical support that is not related to any particular product (pg. 238). Jet Blue utilizes its customer-level activities through advertising and promotions through newspapers, magazines, television, radio and outdoor billboards and through targeted public relations and promotional efforts (Jet Blue 10-K/A). An organization-sustaining activity for Jet Blue would be regular maintenance of aircraft and buildings. An airline has plenty of behind the scenes support systems such as regular maintenance of their aircraft and the buildings that support the aircraft. References Jet Blue 10-K/A financial data Noreen, E. W., Brewer, P. C., & Garrison, R. H. (2011). Managerial Accounting for Managers (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

How Media Affects Society Essay

There are still so many people that will insist that the images on TV and words and picture in Newspaper are not responsible for the problems of the society. The media is a good source of information and entertainment. In this first section I will talk about how the media affect our awareness, knowledge, attitude and behavior. You will see how the people turn to media to learn about Moral, Values and interpersonal relationship from the media. The media give us a perception of various culture, religions and believes. These help the average person to identify him and others. It show how people live like, what they believe in and describe the society. For example most media portrait most middle eastern Arabs as terrorist. They describe their ways of life as not conform with the principle of democracy. But the truth is we do not know anything about their belief. Most television viewers consider Arabs as terrorist because of the way they are portrait in the news. Heavy usage of these images may result in the cultivation of this perception. News that we get from certain media contradict the real society. You have to actually understand their religion and beliefs in order to make a statement about the person or the society. The media have a great effect on the society and in our life experience. We sometimes try to apply these concepts to our everyday life. Teenager like to watch TV shows about Love, fashion, Relationship, Violence, Speed and many other things; when older people watch about Food, Health, workout, antiques and news from the world. Things in TOGO (West Africa) there is a TV show that airs every Thursday evening at 8 o’clock. when you go around all the houses in the country at that time everybody is sitting and watching that series. I do not recall the name of the series but it just impressive how a simple TV show can gather so many people at the same time. This affects everyone behaviors at that particular time. Media can be a great source of wisdom and knowledge but we should realize it’s impact on our society, our family ,our kid and our self. Media also causes people to have a negative view on themselves affecting their self esteem. If you were watching tv or watching a movie chances are that the stars of those shows are going to be attractive, slim or muscular. I believe that this gives a negative effect to teenagers who are still developing. By seeing this they think that they have to look and act the same as the people portrayed in these magazines or shows.