Measure for Measure Essay: Private Temptation and Social

Private Temptation and kindly Restraint in footprint for Measure In his revive, Measure for Measure, Shakespeare poses problems of law, justice, and ad hominem freedom for which he offers no easy answers. Measure for Measure is precise relevant to current political debates over public morality and the limits of self-expression. The play proposes the question How do we reconcile social restraint and personal wrath? The Vienna of Measure for Measure, under the rule of Duke Vincentio, is a garden gone to seed. Permissiveness, corruption, and debauchery have choked out healthy growth in the absence of prudent cultivation. The plays climate of disillusionment finds modem resonance in the cynicism of the spring chicken of today. The play opens with the Duke preparing for a hasty yet deliberately ambiguous departure. Appointing virtuously impeccable Angelo as his replacement, the Duke passes over ice, a wise old enunciate named Escalus. But in a the obvious choice, play preocc upied with tests of character, it is distinguish that the citys most self righteous official undergoes the severest validation of his integrity. What follows is a frolic of seduction. Angelo is tempted by the sins he condemns most harshly, sins, that release, him from the custody of his repressed desires. The Duke, who travels undercover to follow the effects of his lax rule, cautions Angelo in a manner suggesting his suspicion of the alluring power of authority. He is clearly interested in whether power give alter Angelo. Having failed himself to enforce the law, the Duke would, nevertheless, have Angelo be wary of the terrible power of judgment. He - advises his surrogate to fuse his personal values - what he believes in his heart with his public judg... ...characters. The play, like the Duke, makes a plea for tolerance, drawing on the biblical injunction that underlies its title Judge not that ye be not judged, for with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged and with w hat measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. Works Cited and Consulted Geckle, George L. ed. twentieth Century Interpretations of Measure for Measure. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice Hall, 1970. McLuskie, Kathleen. Political Criticism and Shakespeare King Lear and Measure for Measure in Political Shakespeare New Essays in Cultural Materialism, ed. Dollimor, Jonathan and Alan Sinfield. Ithaca and capital of the United Kingdom Cornell University Press, 1985, 88-108. Shakespeare, William. Measure for Measure, ed. Brian Gibbons. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1991. Watts, Cedric. Measure for Measure. London Penguin, 1986.

Literacy Case Study

Literature serves as a repository of human experience. The conjecture of such is unequivocal in the ain and political feature manifest in the domain of a literary train. such(prenominal) a char snatcher is present in the process of creating a literary dress. The literary work may be depicted as an operatives compilation of thoughts and ideas formulated into a coherent whole. The process of formulating such is spearheaded by the artists accomplishment of nomenclature through the socialization process.Socialization occurs at the formal and informal level. The formal level is generally characterized by the acquisition of the syntactical and semantical rules of a language. Such a process occurs during a babes education. The acquisition of language, as well as the development of the stake for a fictitious charactericular language may occur during the early part of a childs socialization process with the family.The family serves as the important element for a childs acquis ition of matter to for circumstance miens or one may even state for circumstance literary genres. Hence, a child who has been introduced at an early age to fairly tales may have a taste for the fantastic and the supernatural. At the same time, a child introduced to personal narratives may develop an interest for personal narrations.In lieu of this, what follows is the result of literacy case demand conducted with a peer/classmate. The cogitation opts to present an analysis of a peers literacy level though the analysis of his/her reading and writing skills. Such an analysis involves the assessment of the case-by-cases personal views to the reading and writing process and the relation of these views to the single(a)s assessment of his literacy level.MethodThe methodology employed for this case study involves a one on one interview with a particular peer/classmate. The methodology used en satisfactorys the interviewer to assess the literacy level of the interviewee in call of c onversational language. Such an assessment enables the interviewer to consider the interviewees communication skills, which mirrors the interviewees self-importance-importance-perceived competency of his literacy level.EvaluationThis case study was conducted with a classmate Ali. several(prenominal) questions were posed which considered Alis socialization experience in terms of language acquisition. The study shows that an individuals literacy level increasingly develops throughout the conduct span because of the ceaseless stimulation of unhomogeneous stimuli that necessitates the individuals continuous use of his reading and writing skills.In Alis case, this is evident, as he perceives literary works as the focal point, which enabled him to develop an interest for the other subjects during his subaltern year. In relation to this, his later years of development specifically that which is situated deep d proclaim the University mirrors his literacy development. Alis development has shifted towards a highly personal consideration of the business office of these aforementioned skills in the development of his own voice and hence his own identity.Summary and RecommendationsBased upon the interview, I perceive Alis utilization of the personal value that literature serves for the individual. Personal here ought to be understood as private. Literature for Ali thereby serves as an ensemble of various accounts that serve to avert the discursive unity that constructs subjectivity as simultaneously individualized and totalized since literature as Ali perceives it or utilizes it in his life takes the form or style of several generic discourses. The acts correlated with literature reading and writing thereby stand for Ali as acts that enable the discovery of the self through the daily recording of events that allows the creation of his singular account of the transactions and movements of his life.As I reckon, Alis interest lies in the creation of self-narratives i n the form of daily records of his daily transactions. Such an act may be seen as an exercise of selfhood wherein Ali portrays his perception of his evoke self while recognizing that it is his mere perception of his self. Ali thereby allows the subversion of the act of turning real lives into writing as he allows the existence of conflicts and confusions in the formation of his identity as depicted in his writings.Ali himself notes that literature enables him to perceive the mistakes the he continuously commits in the act of delving within and understanding a literary work. Literature, in this sense, presents Ali with the form in which he may be able to continuously exercise the act of self-formation and hence self-creation.The possibility of such is evident if one considers that Ali takes the act of understanding a literary work as an internal act, which necessitates the readers complete understanding of the content of literary work. Such an understanding, although enabled and nur tured within a group through the introduction of various diverse views is only possible when one isolates ones self in dress to reassess ones thoughts in connexion to the simultaneous views presented within a group. To understand a literary work thereby serves as a process of reconsidering the self in order to attain a form of consensus within ones self that enables the selfs creation and hence specification of its view.Literature, for Ali, thereby serves as a medium for self discovery and self creation wherein the acts of two reading and writing serve as the facilitators for the initial creation and in conclusion in the end Alis own medium for the specification and expounding of his self as represented through his own creative work.  

Advertising Stereotype Essay

Media stereotypes be inevitable, especi all(prenominal)y in the announce, entertain existencepowert and countersign industries, which need as wide an audience as possible to rapidly understand information. Stereotypes act same codes that give audiences a quick, common pinch of a person or group of massesusually relating to their class, ethnicity or race, gender, sexual orientation, social consumption or occupation.But stereotypes can be problematic. They can reduce a wide range of differences in heap to simplistic categorizations transform assumptions c retreat particular groups of people into realities be apply to justify the position of those in power perpetuate social disfavour and inequality More often than non, the groups being stereotyped carry brusk to say about how they argon correspond.Any wholeness who examines North American entertain custodyt and word media will nonice that members of ethnic and visible minorities atomic number 18 inadequately represen ted in entertain homopowert and news media, and that portrayals of minorities ar often stereotypical and demeaning. This angle of dip is particularly problematic in a multicultural country, where whatever of the cosmos is immigrants and some is visible minorities, along with larger urban centers.Visual representation of reality is influential in shaping peoples views of the world, where fooling realities ar articulated mostly by what we propose in the media. The sh be of publicize in this interpretation of reality is crucial. The target audiences self-identification with the run acrosss being a basic prerequisite for an advertisements tellingness, makes advertise one of the most important factors in the building of behavior models and set systems. The way a certain notion is managed at a opthalmic level determines how people will perceive this notion and whether they will localise with it or not.Meaning is encoded in the structure of the images, which thus become b lotto cultural symbols for human behavior. The framing and composition of the image, the setting, the emblematical attri scarcelyes and every new(prenominal) element in its structure, all be engaged in the effective presentation of the underlying notion. Gender Stereotypes in Advertising Dominant discourses adjoin gender encourage us to accept that the human race is by nature divided in to male and female, each gender realistically classifiable by a set of immutable component partistics.In Foucaults terms, askings of difference are social constructs belonging to social orders that contain hierarchies of power, defined, pass waterd and define by institutional discourses, to produce social practices. Gender differences are symbolic categories (Saco, 199225). These categories are used to ascribe certain eventistics to men and women. The representation of those characteristics determines how men and women are presented in cultural forms, and really whether an individual is i dentified as mascu debate or feminine.It is important to understand the big role that media, in general, and specifically advertisement plays in maintaining an ingrained gender hierarchy. The snuggled study of mens and womens images as presented in advertising should result in unc everyplaceing the messages about their identity and role in society. Until youthfully, maleness in the media was not considered problematic since in that location was the notion that masculinity is not constructed. Masculinity remains the untouched and untouchable against which femininity underframes as the repressed and/or unspoken (Holmlund, 1993214).The role advertisements play in the ontogeny and perpetuation of gender-role stereotypes whitethorn include Women Stereotypes in Advertising Advertising is an oer 100 million dollar a year industry and affects all of us throughout our lives. We are each exposed to over 2000 ads a day, constituting perhaps the most powerful educational force in society . The ordinary American will spend one and one-half years of his or her deportment watching television commercials. The ads sell a great deal more than products.They sell values, images, and concepts of success and worth, love and sexuality, popularity and normalcy. They tell us who we are and who we should be. Sometimes they sell addictions. Advertising is the foundation and economic lifeblood of the mass media. The simple purpose of the mass media is to deliver an audience to advertisers, just as the patriarchal purpose of television programs is to deliver an audience for commercials. Adolescents are particularly defenceless because they are new and inexperienced consumers and are the prime targets of umpteen advertisements.They are in the process of withdrawing their values and roles and developing their self-concepts. Most teenagers are sensitive to peer pressure and find it difficult to resist or even question the dominant cultural messages perpetuated and reinforced by the media. masses communication has made possible a kind of national peer pressure that erodes cloak-and-dagger and individual values and standards. But what do people, particularly teenagers, learn from the advertising messages? On the most obvious level they learn the stereotypes.Advertising creates a mythical, mostly white world in which people are rarely ugly, overweight, poor, struggling or disabled, either physically or mentally (unless you count the housewives who talk to little men in can buoy bowls). In this world, people talk scarcely about products. The aspect of advertising most in need of analysis and assortment is the portrayal of women. scientific studies and the most casual viewing yield the same conclusion women are shown almost exclusively as housewives or sex objects.The housewife, pathologically preoccupy by cleanliness, debates the virtues of cleaning products with herself and worries about ring around the collar ( just now no one ever asks why he doesnt wash his neck). She feels sin for not being more beautiful, for not being a collapse wife and mother. Very unrealistic goals for exalted luggage compartment shapes, which lead to spunky rates of anorexia nervosa and bulimia Make women believe they are valued establish on their body, therefore their self-esteem is also based on how their body founts compared to others.Give messages to women that changing their appearance, they will have a better life * manpower* Stereotypes in Advertising It is interesting to see that now, when things have admittedly changed for women, we still see much of the same themes in modern mens advertisements. In the ads from Mens Journal, we generally see a handsome, strong, successful and somewhat rugged man. The camera angles are almost incessantly from the bottom up, giving us a view of the man as though we, the viewer are below him, looking up at him. All of them are young, just none are teen-aged looking. All tho one have, or show remnants o f facial hair.None of these ads show the man in the work place, solely their depiction of unfilled is that of mature success, not youthful excess. Because of the camera angles, the strong stances, the rugged good looks, and the depictions of success, these ads reinforce the stereotypes of men as strong, powerful, aggressive providers. An ad for Tommy Hilfiger shows the man with his arm around a girl who is leaning into his chest. This ad depicts a man as shielder and as a heterosexual. The one ad that stands out from the group in this collection of ads from Mens Journal is the one from ESPNs genetic mutations Center.This ad shows a man finishing up a piece of cake at a diner and watching vaunts center from across the bar. This is a different depiction of leisure which seems directly related to the product it is selling. The rest of the ads are selling some form of apparel. They are designed to show clothes as satisfactory and stylish and show that a man who wears those clothes can be the aggressive, dominant male. The Sports Center ad is selling a product that isnt consumed as part of public image, but of private pleasure. The clothes worn by the models are assertively masculine, and often evince a broad shouldered and solid body shape.The models display a highly masculine independence and assurance, as substantially as the code of narcissistic self-absorption. The choice of lighting and film stock emphasizes the surface qualities of skin, hair, eye and the texture of clothing. Finally the cropping of the images works to produce intensity in many of the images. This stereotyped presentation of a gender role, certainly tells us that there is still a part of society that believes that men should be of course related to power, aggression and authority. In recent years however, other aspects of masculinity have become acceptable in ads.This can be seen in the difference between the ads in Mens Journal and those in axiom. The ads from Maxim are similar to those from Mens Journal but definitely appeal to a younger audience. It is therefore interesting to look at what advertisers feel is more appealing to younger men. There is one ad for Ralph Lauren Cologne that shows a young successful looking man in a shirt and tie looking over the hand of the head of the women cuddling in his chest. She is looking into the camera seductively and he looks as though his mind is elsewhere. He is dominant, even arrogant in this position and once again appears successful and confident.Another ad from Maxim is for a DVD special edition of Rocky. The ad shows rocky trounce and worn but continuing to fight. The copy reads at least David had a slingshot. This ad depicts the ultimate American sports hero, appealing men, both young and old. In-short, disadvantages with Men Stereotyping, are Show ideal for body type, also which can be unrealistic Show men as aggressive and in adjudge of things, including women Womens problems are fixable, you either fit t he part of the masculine ideal or you do not Negative Stereotypes in Advertisingaunt Jemima, darky toothpaste, Uncle Ben and the infamous Waaaaaz up crew from the people at Budweiser are some blatantly stereotypical roles that have had many conscious blacks bilk during the past century. darkey toothpaste may be unfamiliar to many Americans now because it was marketed in Hong Kong until March 1990. The toothpaste package featured a minstrel character with a wide smile. The character appeared to have placed black vulgarism on his well-rounded face and red lipstick around his let out while smiling large with gleaming white teeth.To make the character completely minstrel-like, the character added a large brimmed top hat to dramatize his head. According to Jamieson and Campbell, the authors of News, Advertising, Politics and the Mass Media the Interplay of Influence, Darkie toothpaste was removed because of its negative connotation of the word Darkie and not so much the image on the box. The regional commercial director for Hawley and Hazel (the makers of Darkie toothpaste) said, We want the name of our toothpaste to be internationally acceptable. However, some people consider the word Darkie racially unsavoury, particularly in America. Its not that the name is not offensive, but the image was not even discussed. Associating the name with such an offensive image makes the toothpastes image just a bit more offensive. If Darkie toothpaste were associated with an image of dark yellow teeth with a contradictory image of a bright smile shown next to the crude picture, it would have shown a whole new connotation to the brand name. The frightening thing about this image is it was only removed from circulation 13 years ago, well aft(prenominal) the Civil Rights Movement. Aunt Jemima has been a character that has shown a dramatic change throughout the years.Aunt Jemima wore a red and white scarf over her head. Now Aunt Jemima has a well-groomed coif and a slimmer face that graces the boxes of pancake, flutter and syrup bottles across the world. The changing images of Aunt Jemima and Uncle Ben are representative of the changes in American culture today. Although we do not see blacks as cooks, maids and servants anymore, we may see a new stereotype arising. The Waaaz up crew from the recent Budweiser commercials is an example of this theory. This campaign was very effective and catchy. It had people black, white and every race in between making it a staple in our ever-changing language.Budweiser did not only stereotype blacks in America but also other often-stereotyped groups. The Italian mobsters constantly repeating How you doin? and the yuppie stereotype stating, How are yooooooou doing. The only people that spoke proper English in these advertisements were the pep pill class white men. The images of blacks have increased by number but not by quality. According to the Journal of Advertising, blacks spend more than $279 billion a year on consumer goods, yet the advertisers are only disbursement approximately $865 million a year to reach them.This disproportionate figure reveals why many advertisements misrepresent blacks across America. Only a atomic percentage of the black population is professional athletes, yet they are the absolute majority of endorsers for black products. Blacks, Hispanics, Asians and women must demand a wider variety of roles in advertisements for it may negatively affect the children of tomorrow. If we are only being shown in peg roles, our future generation may not aspire to be anything but rappers and athletes, instead of politicians, doctors or lawyers. Ask the advertisers, Waaaz up wit dat? seek supports that mass stereotyping groups of people does not work in the development and merchandising of origin ideas. Although many corporations still try to capitalize on stereotypes, this line of guessing merely does not work as effectively as the old mom and pop country store approac h to business Getting to know your customers as intimately as possible. If grouping populations like cattle into selling niches worked, why would major corporations still continue to enclothe so heavily into studying consumer habits and demographics?If this type of marketing philosophy worked well then anyone with a great business idea could make it exactly by targeting. Obviously, this is not so. *Stereotypin*g Myths For example, stereotype marketing ideologies might stress too much on one group and ignore some other equally, or even more important. For example, target only kids for (non-PC) video plot of grounds and lose access to millions of customers. Nearly a quarter of all video games are purchased by consumers aged 40 and older, and 38% of all video game sales are made by women.Another case in point Senior citizens have become the fastest-growing population in the united States. however, mass marketing to olds has remained somewhat elusive. Several pioneers in the se nior marketing industry note that age alone has little to do with the interests of senior consumers. Those who have attempted to cash in on the senior population, simply lumping retirees together by age, have failed, and miserably so. When it comes to advertising, marketing studies that offer only cold statistics may play less of a role than you think in developing successful marketing strategies and advertising campaigns.Customers can be your best or worst source of advertising. Word of mouth referrals, specially in the age of the Internet, should not be undervalued. And, since consumers are more apparent to complain than to compliment, it pays to have customer-friendly and trustworthy complaint resolution practices in place. It pays to see your customers as individuals, with common needs, but not as groups who, because of stereotype images, have lemming-like behaviors when it comes to making purchases.

A study of Arthur Conan Doyle’s Essay

Of the five Sherlock Holmes stories we befuddle read, I will be writing about The cash Blaze, The Speckled peal and The objet dart With The Twisted Lip. Sherlock Holmes, of 221 Baker Street is one of the close to remark able and remembe personnel casualty police detectives of his time. Holmes is un same any different fictional detective, as he counts almost too clever at times. Holmes is famous for his powers of observation and deduction. Holmes is able to change his age and gender in order to help authorize a sheath merely the image that sticks in most peoples head words is of him in a ear-flapped change of location cap and with a metro in his mouthArthur Conan Doyle began writing the stories 100 years ago, he chose passel them in the past times, although to him the stories were set in the present tence. I merchantman tell the stories are set 100 years ago because of the language, raiment and transport. In each story Holmes is required to travel up and start the cou ntry in order to solve the cases. He much travels by 1st class carriage, this shows he is of the upper class and will pull to the refs, as they too were probably upper class when the stories were first wrote. In The Speckled Band Holmes and Watson travel by Pony Trap, this is another token of old fashion transport.Cars were not around at the time the stories were written, however if they were used this would spoil the story as it would ruin the setting. The old fashioned language also plays a key collapse in the setting, round of the words and phrases Holmes uses are no longer used in contemporary day society such as Pray continue your account and alas that are used The Speckled Band. In the Silver Blaze Holmes says Helloa not totally is this old fashioned language but also is it slightly unorthodox for Holmes as his grammar is of a high standard.I think the setting appeals to the readers as there are no other old fashioned fictional detectives. In the modern day detective stories the detectives are not able to appear as clever as Holmes as they can solve their cases by taking D. N. A samples and co-ordinated them up with the suspects, leaving the hard work to science. As this sort of applied science had not been invented while Holmes was alive, he had to solve the cases using only his news program and powers of observation. Each story is started in Holmess rooms, this too shows that Holmes was well strike as houses in London were not cheap at the time.another(prenominal) piece of evidence to show that Holmes was of the upper class is that he had his stimulate maid that cooks and cleans, although Holmes is never seen eating. Although Holmes does not charge for his services, every last(predicate) of his clients are pissed people. In The Speckled Band, Holmes client Mrs Hudson, lives in a larger house in the country. The fact that all Holmes clients are wealthy and in-chief(postnominal) shows that Holmes too is important and wealthy. If Holmes dealt with poor less important people or less challenging cases it would ruin his reputation and the story as it takes a complex case to put one across a good story.Of the three stories we have read, each has followed the same basic structure, the structure plays a key part in all of the stories, as it is the same throughout all of the stories it allows the reader to understand what is happening and to feel more involved as they be what will happen next. Each story starts with a brief chin-wag from Watson, he will forever and a day try to make this case seem better than the previous one by saying things like Of all these varied cases I cannot recall any which presented more singular features. here(predicate) Doyle is trying to hook the reader into reading the rest of the story by making them believe that this story will be better than the last. The case will then begin with a troubled client finding Holmes, never the other way round, as Doyle does not want to make Holmes appear desperate by looking for clients. The client relieves their case ahead leaving it for Holmes to solve. Although Holmes does not advertise his services in any way, his clients always find him, this is often because well-nighone has recommended him.I have heard of you from Mrs. Farintosh, whom you helped in the hours of here sore need. The fact that the client always finds Holmes largely adds to his reputation. at that place is one main difference in the opening of the stories, this is in The troops with the Twisted lip where start of the story is set at Watsons house. The main difference here is that the client has not screw to Holmes or Watson but to Watsons wife, Folk who were in grief came to my wife like birds to a light house this also shews Watson a chance to explain the case to the audience before explaining it to Holmes.Conan Doyle has started the story like this mainly to give Watson a chance to shine and show that there are some differences in the structure of his stories. Although Watson is portrayed as being quite stupid, this is only because he is out shone by Holmes intelligence, Watson is in fact a sterilise and although he does not solve any cases he does come to some significant conclusion. The next part of the story will involve Holmes and Watson traveling to the scene of the crime, which is a crucial part of the story.During their journey Holmes will often become buried in the deepest thought, here Holmes is already jump to think of what may have happened before he has any accepted evidence. Although Holmes tries to distance himself from the police force his methods are exactly the same as that of the police. Each time Holmes visits the scene of the crime he is able to gain more than anyone with him, often Watson.Holmes will then drop a red herring by offering a false conclusion, e. g.in The Speckled Band we are lead to believe that the gypsies are responsible for the executing as Holmes thinks this, at the end of the story we learn that the gypsies had nothing to do with the murder and that they were the red herring. The red herring is often the same conclusion that the readers and Watson had come too. In each story red herring is designed to birth the audience off the right trail. It offers a too-easy conclusion to the case, tempting us to take the bait and making fools of us if we do, although after reading a few stories we know that Holmes first conclusion will be a red herring therefore prompting us to discard it.

Literature Ethics Essay

points in their journey.  In both cases, the old work force appear weak and ill-suited to survival in the harsh world of the novel.  In the first instance the catch refuses to financial aid the old mankind (49-52), besides in the second instance the arrest agrees to help the old man (161-174), suggesting un originalty and inconsistency in his incorrupt reasoning.  But how might the let have responded if he had followed a specific branch of righteous school of thought in approaching these situations?Thesis chosenIf the father had approached these situations as a deontologist he would have helped both old men, but if he had approached the situations as a utilitarian he would have refused to help both men.In staying true to the path of most deontologists, we could say that had the father been a practician of the said philosophy, he would have helped both old men in their respective scenarios of need. As generally defined, deontology is the ethical judgment of a cert ain act which founds itself on the intent of the act itself to serve as the cornerstone for which to determine the morality of the said act.It is also accepted that deontologists believe in the existence of universal moral norms that transcend boundaries, applying to everyone the individual helping knocked out(p) another individual being one of them. To deontologists, one is duty-bound to help his fellow man doing so would allow one to adhere to what they obtain as the categorical imperative, and would therefore be a fulfillment of responsibility.Had the father in Cormac McCarthys The Road been a follower of this approach on ethical motive, he would have helped both old men who were in need, and should eitherone else term of enlistment up requiring any manner of assistance, then he would have glum to help them out too. The foundation of deontology requires that one should always fulfill the moral obligation of the individual, which lies in accordance with the said norms that a pply to everyone.Should any unrighteous or unpleasant consequence surface from the said action, one would cover morally pure as one had only done what was set(p) by the obligations of the individual a dying criminal nursed to wellness who would continue to practice crime would be responsible for his own actions and the healer would remain pure as he had only acted upon this said moral norm this is the basis of deontology.Had the father been a practitioner of utilitarianism, however, then he would have gone and ignored both men. Helping out any of them would only hamper them in their goal of finding lasting safeguard and refuge for the boy. We must keep in mind that the journey was brought close by the need for a secure future for the boy as his father is weakening as well. The pilgrimage is led by the father with no specific destination, and therefore no specific timeframe. To take on other government issues such as aiding old men who would have zero point to contribute to th e group and should be taken with them would only serve as a liability would only delay and possibly cost the winner of the expedition.Utilitarianism is the concept of analyzing an actions moral worth by basing it on the outcome or consequences of the aforementioned action, therefore the perfect representation of the motto The end justifies the means. Utilitarians often keep in mind what they deem to be the greater good and anything less than that is to be considered expendable.As opposed to deontologistic article of belief of a universal moral norm, utilitarians believe the pinnacle of ethics to be to spread happiness, maximizing it to the most number of people, no matter what. This means that they are willing to sacrifice the happiness of the few for that of the many. Therefore, applying this into Cormac McCarthys The Road, had the father in the story acted out in a utilitarian manner, he would not have helped both old men, seeing as they would have nothing to offer to aid them i n their journey.Works CitedMcCarthy, Cormac. The Road. vintage Books, 2007.

Bob Mcdonald P

Introduction Procter and Gamble is a telephoner that has sh avow magnificent success since its creation in the year 1837. Procter and Gamble has made its panache of biography to a fortunate career and is now a glob tout ensembley accept business to business upstanding that distributes some(prenominal) products around the world. track McDonald is the accepted President and chief executive officer of the firm. He has held this difficult stage business since 2009 and has overly contributed to late success of the firm. The reason why this position is so difficult is receivable to the very(prenominal) diverse and complicated activity of the firm.Nevertheless wharfage McDonald has done a lot for the firm and has kept the firm up and running and at its best. A former U. S Army captain, pier McDonald has casted for Procter and Gamble for 30 years before he became CEO. Since he applied for a job in P&G in 1980, he worked himself to the circus tent finished the years i n the firm. Upon entering the firm, Bob never sentiment of becoming a CEO. He just needed a shelter job and a permanent home in Cincinnati.Bob explains his wrong expectations in the following quote I was leaving the military service, and I sincerely joined P&G in order to pass my entire life and raise my family in a city uniform Cincinnati and never set egress to prompt. So in 1989, when the come with came to me and said, Wed kindred you to move to Toronto, Canada, I said, Did I do something wrong? (Bernard-Kuhn, 2012) Due to the fact that the former CEO of the firm anticipated that the company was going to be more than successful in international markets, he sent Bob and opposite company employees to work in different parts of the world where P&G facilities existed.When Bob achieved his new position as CEO he expressed his feelings by saying I would describe those stolon weeks as fil guide with anxiety and humility. This is an institution that is, in my mind, th e keenest company in the history of the world. There are fewer than 40 countries that pay been around as long as P&G. Bob felt out of place and felt burdened to has such(prenominal) wide duty on his neck. (Bernard-Kuhn, 2012) Bob McDonald and P&G As I said before Bob, when Bob became CEO he had no objects. He was afraid of the responsibility given to him. This was what pushed him to implement some great strategies.These strategies proved successful and enlarged the firms overall smell of performance. The first step Bob McDonald took as CEO of Procter and Gamble is reaffirming the firms purpose which is to touch and improve the lives of the worlds consumers through branded products of superior quality and look on. (McDonald, 2012) He was determined to increase the firms growth through introducing superior products to satisfy consumer needs and wants in a sustainable and profitable manner. He was non exactly sure how he was to that and is why he replied to friends congr atulations by saying, Please dont congratulate me. Its way too premature.Wait until I retire, and lets look back and work out whether or non the company is stronger than it was when I took over. (Bernard-Kuhn, 2012) Bob was frightened by the degree of responsibility that he was burdened by and was not sure how he was to pursue in making the firm better. Bob introduced a new dodge which was implementing immediately. His strategy was to localise on its 40 largest businesses, its 20 most successful substructures, and the 10 most profitable developing markets. (McDonald, 2012) This strategy is basically base on good consumer relationship building through the augmentation of brand sense and brand effectiveness.Due to its diverse products Procter and Gamble has often found itself generalizing in legal injury of targeting. It was not doing a very good job of reaching out to the right consumers with the right brands. By focusing on certain brands, however, and powerful targeting t he right segments for these brands Bob was able to create a better prevalent image for the firm. Basically the steps that were taken here are number brands into innovative ones and proving the right brand and product for the right consumer. This strategy has led to 4% growth for Procter and Gamble each year four each year it since it was implemented in 2009.This growth has been achieved even though thither was no market growth and there were many problems emerging such as the financial crisis and decreases in the market shares. So that was pretty impressive. The companys stated the results of its growth since the implementation of the strategy b stating in the last fiscal year, PG returned $10 billion of hard currency to shareholders through $6 billion of dividends and $4 billion of share repurchase. PG paid a dividend for the 122nd consecutive year one of precisely nine companies to have done this. The Company increased the dividend by 7%.This was the 56th consecutive year th e dividend increased one of only six companies to have done this. (Procter and gamble, 2012) Bob McDonald Leadership When speaking of how Bob leads his company we see that he follows a value-based lead. He has spoken of this type of leaders several times. He often says that living a life driven by purpose is more meaningful and rewarding than meandering through life without direction. (Knight, 2011) He believes that a successful business requires good planning because people want to work with leaders who are predictable and who plan out everything in their lives.Bob said to a group of students in a speech that people like to work for leaders that are predictable, they like to work for leaders that have a purpose in their own lives and a values system they can follow. (Henretty, 2008) Bob even encourages his employees to strain a purpose in life rather that only focus on a job in Procter and Gamble. He says that this makes for more innovation and more freeness to make efforts. He tells his employees dont make your oddment in life a position at Procter and Gamble. You need something a little bigger than that. Henretty, 2008) Bob defines a good leader as someone who builds teams that put certain value in their work. These teams should learn to work together and through time become like a family. He further defines good leadership by saying that the true leaven of leadership isnt what happens when youre there, its what happens when you leave. (Henretty, 2008) Basically his idea is all about team building and keeping the team together. The type of leadership Bob uses was favored by employees. This is because Bob encouraged employees to seek value in their live and to be innovative.This tolerance of freedom led to willing employees. Employees started working as if the company was theirs. Of course there is a perpetually a negative side to everything. Inefficient employees were often sacked. As a matter of fact Bob got rid of many employees to leave means for new innovative ones. Although this was not appreciated by some it had to be done in order to keep expanding as a team. Bobs speeches were very innovative and pushed employees to do their best. Conclusion To conclude, Procter and Gamble has grown tremendously since Bob McDonald ecame CEO. Bob used many strategies to enforce sales. The secret of his success were not only due to brand and product oriented strategies, but was in like manner a result of good leadership and good team management. His leadership skills played a major role in shaping the employees of the company. Although Bob was forced to make harsh decisions and fire people he also recruited quite a number of able and experienced employees. Bernard-Kuhn, L. (2012). Procter gamble chief executive officer Company is people powered. The Cincinnati Enquirer, Retrieved from http//www. usatoday. om/story/money/business/2012/11/19/procter-gamble-ceo- mcdonald/1715573/ Henretty, A. (2008, July 10). Man with a plan Pg coo g o after mcdonald on values-based leadership. Retrieved from http//www. kellogg. northwestern. edu/News_Articles/2008/bobsledmcdonaldpg. aspx Knight, B. (2011, September 7). Pg ceo bob mcdonald on values-based leadership. Retrieved from http//www. owenbloggers. com/2011/09/07/pg-ceo-bob-mcdonald-on-value-based- leadership/ McDonald, B. (2012). Procter and gamble. Retrieved from http//www. pg. com/en Procter and gamble. (2012). Retrieved from http//www. pg. com/en

Citizenship and Governance

both individual contributes to the making and unmaking of governments and nightclub. While certain individuals dont necessarily engage in activities which contribute to the interests of the society they live in and governments which preside over it, nigh dont exactly contribute to the detriment of the system and institutions which they belong to either.In response to Aristotles imagination of what a citizen is and should constitute, in which he pronounces that one is only to be identify as such if he or she has the contentedness and time for arrangement I believe it overlooks other relevant duties and responsibilities an individual has and will continually have, as well as the multi-dimensional aspects of humanity which need not entirely be confined to the instance of keeping to strictures and to public governance.I believe that as a working wife and mother, I reserve the right to be afforded the term citizen as do either parent who has to juggle domestic and familial duties with career and paid work. The bulk of necessary responsibilities and obligations which fall on people such as myself discounts me from finding the time or capacity to engage in matters concerning national governance, but that shouldnt deprive me of being admit as a citizen of this country.The necessary duties and obligations I may have to society and to government is necessarily fulfilled in looking after my children, and ensuring that they wrick up to be responsible citizens and individuals like myself and by participating in the work force or labor system, I dont believe my endeavor falls short of what is to be generally expected of any and every individual in this country.Ultimately, theres more than one thing to consider when it comes to regarding and acknowledging an individuals apparent citizenship and significance to his or her country and it is not, and should not be confined alone to ones involvement in public governance.

Random and Nonrandom Samples

Depending on how a exemplar is engagen, it whitethorn be a stochastic audition or a purposive assay. A stochastic strain is a sample drawn in such a panache that to each one member of the state has some chance of creation look ated in the sample. In a nonrandom sample, some members of the population may non postulate any chance of organism selected in the sample. speak up we fox a list of nose candy students and we want to select 10 of them. If we indite the name of all(prenominal) 100 students on pieces of paper, put them in a hat, mix them, and then draw 10 names, the result allow for be a random sample of 10 students.However, if we arrange the names of these 100 students alphabetically and pick the first 10 names, it pull up stakes be a nonrandom sample because the students who be non among the first 10 arrest no chance of being selected in the sample. A random sample is usually a congresswoman sample. Note that for a random sample, each member of the population may or may not have the same chance of being included in the sample. deuce types of nonrandom samples are a convenience sample and a discretion sample. In a convenience sample, the most accessible members of the population are selected to check the results quickly.For example, an opinion poll may be conducted in a a a few(prenominal)(prenominal) hours by collecting information from certain shoppers at a wholeness shopping mall. In a judgment sample, the members are selected from the population base on the judgment and prior knowledge of an expert. Although such a sample may happen to be a representative sample, the chances of it being so are small. If the population is large, it is not an easy task to select a representative sample ground on judgment. The so-called pretender survey are examples of nonrepresentative samples.For instance, a survey conducted by a cartridge that includes only its own readers does not usually involve a representative sample. Similar ly, a poll conducted by a goggle box send out big(a) two separate foretell numbers for yes and no votes is not ground on a representative sample. In these two examples, respondents go out be only those people who read that magazine or enamor that television station, who do not mind paying the postage or telephone charges, or who feel compelled to respond. Another kind of sample is the quota sample.To draw such a sample, we divide the locate population into different subpopulations based on certain characteristics. Then we select a subsample from each subpopulation in such a way that each subpopulation is represented in the sample in exactly the same proportion as in the target population. A quota sample based on a few factors will skew the results. A random sample (one that is not based on quotas) has a much better chance of being representative of the population of all voters than a quota sample based on a few factors. ergodic and Nonrandom SamplesDepending on how a sample is drawn, it may be a random sample or a nonrandom sample. A random sample is a sample drawn in such a way that each member of the population has some chance of being selected in the sample. In a nonrandom sample, some members of the population may not have any chance of being selected in the sample. Suppose we have a list of 100 students and we want to select 10 of them. If we write the names of all 100 students on pieces of paper, put them in a hat, mix them, and then draw 10 names, the result will be a random sample of 10 students.However, if we arrange the names of these 100 students alphabetically and pick the first 10 names, it will be a nonrandom sample because the students who are not among the first 10 have no chance of being selected in the sample. A random sample is usually a representative sample. Note that for a random sample, each member of the population may or may not have the same chance of being included in the sample. Two types of nonrandom samples are a convenien ce sample and a judgment sample. In a convenience sample, the most accessible members of the population are selected to obtain the results quickly.For example, an opinion poll may be conducted in a few hours by collecting information from certain shoppers at a single shopping mall. In a judgment sample, the members are selected from the population based on the judgment and prior knowledge of an expert. Although such a sample may happen to be a representative sample, the chances of it being so are small. If the population is large, it is not an easy task to select a representative sample based on judgment. The so-called pseudo polls are examples of nonrepresentative samples.For instance, a survey conducted by a magazine that includes only its own readers does not usually involve a representative sample. Similarly, a poll conducted by a television station giving two separate telephone numbers for yes and no votes is not based on a representative sample. In these two examples, responde nts will be only those people who read that magazine or watch that television station, who do not mind paying the postage or telephone charges, or who feel compelled to respond. Another kind of sample is the quota sample.To draw such a sample, we divide the target population into different subpopulations based on certain characteristics. Then we select a subsample from each subpopulation in such a way that each subpopulation is represented in the sample in exactly the same proportion as in the target population. A quota sample based on a few factors will skew the results. A random sample (one that is not based on quotas) has a much better chance of being representative of the population of all voters than a quota sample based on a few factors.

Capital Mortgage Insurance Corporation Essay

1. Find appropriate place with a wide-cut environment to conduct negotiations. 2. Talk to both parties to grade their detail issues that need solving, identify what is going to be needed to dumbfound solutions in the short and long term. Take note of each parties information cogitate to issue at hand which can be used to bear information during the negotiating process. 3. Make a thorough assessment of the situation in order to be able view an easier transition into the negotiation process. 4. clunk a good alternative that go forth accommodate the stipulations of the joint discernment policy.IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE STEPS OF THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS1. First topic it should be done, is that parties involved in the negotiating process will share their carapace. An arranging should be reached on what is the purpose of the negotiating process, which will help to come to a solution of the issue at hand. 2. Parties should say what is that needs to be changed.3. Parties should discipline to come to a consensus approximately what will be a good settlement package. Parties should be giving an updated estimate which includes all the changes made. And break parties should be willing to trade off concessions with the goal of reaching an agreement 4. And last the negotiating parties agree to the end result of their negotiations, and also agree to abide by the agreement.IDENTIFY GUIDELINES TO FACILITATE COMMUNICATION DURING THE NEGOTIATIONMotivate negotiating parties to become liberal minded to facilitate communication. Should encourage parties to open up about themselves, attend attentively and empathize with them to process them feel that your purpose as to find a solution that best(p) fits their wants. Pay attention to detail and how the talk is conducted, you want to get to a personal level, in order to have good interactions which can go a long way. In this flesh it will be a good idea that the negotiating parties offer the shareholders alternat ives which intelligibly define expectations and time lines.IDENTIFY QUESTIONS THAT SHOULD BE ASKED DURING THE NEGOTIATIONAt the stem of the negotiating process questions be in such a way do not have a fixed answer, example what is your opinion about this company? What these type of questions do is that help the negotiating parties to make an assessment of what the opposite party wants to achieve. At no time ether party should make any concrete resolutions until there is a clear path to be taken. When the negotiating process begin either path is going to bring their purchase agreements, an effort should be made in order for them to come to a consensus on a price, once this reached an agreement should be made that parties run into that it will be the final offer and they could not go on a lower floor it.IDENTIFY THE CHARESTIRISTICS OF THE NEGOTIATION STYLES1. Adjust your behavior to empathize with fellow negotiating party in order to foster a productive negotiating environment. 2. As a negotiator understand expectations from parties in the negotiating process to produce solutions that makes them feel like they had a fair negotiating process outcome. 3. be proactive in the scholarship of information.IDENTIFY AND APPLY GUIDELINES THAT YOU SHOULD FOLLOW WHEN THIS NEGOTIATION BECOMES CHALLENGINGYou can identify when a negotiation is about to have a negative fold by observing peoples nonverbal language, this should be taken as a sign that a change of strategy merits change this can courtly as follows. 1. Share information that will help present your case better in which the other person can see an hazard to be able to also gain in the negotiating bargaining process. 2. too a strategy to use when the process takes a negative tone, the best will be to keep a posture of silence listen and observe. 3. And last when closing the negotiating process, wrap it up in such a manner that if not accepted by the other party it will give a sense that the alternative wi ll be no deal at all.

Wage Determination

Methods of Wage Determination in India 1. statistical regression of take is a recent phenomenon in India 2. There was no good machinery until 2nd world war for impersonatetlement of disputes for obsession of fight. 3. After license of India, industrial relations become a study issue and on that point was phenomena increase in industrial dispute mostly over affiances leading to substantial loss of production. 4. Realizing that industrial peace is essential for get on on industrial as well as economic front, the key govt. convened in 1947, and a tripartite conference consisting of re pass onatives of employers, labour and government.Govt. of India formulated industrial policy resolution in 1948 where the govt. has mentioned to items which has bearing on lucres statutory fixation of minimum enlists Promotion of bring together wages. 5. To achieve inaugural bearing, the minimum wages act, 1948 was passed to lay down certain norms and procedures for determination and fi xation of wages by telephone exchange and state govt. 6. To achieve 2nd objective govt. of India official in 1949, a tripartite committee on fair wages to determine the principles on which fair wages should be contumacious Wages and salary incomes in India are fixed through several(prenominal) institutions. These are Collective bargaining Industrial wage bound Govt. appointed correct commissions Adjudication by courts &038 tribunals 1. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING- Collective bargaining relates to those arrangements downstairs which wages and conditions of employments are gener all toldy decided by agreements negotiated between the parties. loosely speaking the following factors affect the wage determination by embodied bargaining process ? Alternate choices &038 demands ? Institutional necessities ? The right and capacity to bear on In a modern democratic society wages are determined by collective bargaining in contrast to individual(a) bargaining by working. In the matter of wage bargaining, unions are in the main concerned with ? General level of wage rates ? Structure of wages rates (differential among occupations) ? Bonus, incentives and fringe benefits, Administration of wages. 2. INDUSTRIAL WAGE BOARDS- Concept of wage plank was first enunciated by committee on fair wages. It was commended by first five grade plan and second five year plan also considered wage board as an acceptable machinery for condition wage disputes. Wage boards in India are of two types ? Statutory wage board ? many-sided wage boardStatutory wage board means a physical structure set up by jurist or with legal authority to establish minimum wages and opposite standards of employment which are then legally enforceable in exceptional trade or industry to which boards decision relate. Tripartite wage board means a voluntary negotiating body set up by discussions between organized employers, workers and govt. to regulate wages, working hours and link up conditions o f employment. Wage board decisions are not final and are subjected to each executive or judicious review or reconsideration by other authority or tribunals. The powers and procedure of wage boards are like as those industrial tribunals unsaturated under ID routine 1947. 3. PAY COMMISSIONS- root pay commission was appointed by govt. of India in 1946 under chairmanship of justice vardachariar to enquire in to conditions of service of central govt. employees. The vardachariar commission in its pass over said that in no case should a mans pay little than living wage The 2nd pay commission was appointed in aug. 1957. and commission submits its physical composition in 1959, examined the norms for fixing a need base minimum wage set up 15th session of ILC. Govt. f India appointed third pay commissions in 1970s which submit its report in April 1973. In this report commission express its support for a system in which pay adjustments will occurs automatically upon an upward reas on in consumer price index. After thirteen years, govt, appointed fourth central pay cimmissions under chairmanship of justice P. N. Singhal on July 26, 1983 to examine structure of all central govt. employees, including those of union territories. Officers belong to all India service and armed forces. management submits its report on July 30, 1986 and recommended drastic changes in pay scale. The 5th pay commission (1952-1996) made certain recommendation regarding restricting of pay scales. The sixth pay commissions was established on 2006 and committee submit its report on March 2008. 3. Adjudication Since independence adjudication has been one of the main instruments for settlement of disputes, improvement in wage scales and standardization of wages and allowances. Though courts and tribunals were primarily intended to make with settlement of industrial disputes, in practiae, wage fixation has become an crucial element in their work and functioning. This is because of large of disputes concerning of wages and allowances.Numerous wage disputes in many industries have been referred for adjudication to labour courts and tribunals during past ten decades. The gamey courts and Supreme Court have also adjudicated upon such disputes. The awards given by these authorities not only helped in formulation of a body of principles governing wage fixation but laid foundation for present wage structure in many of major industries. Some major legislation which governs the principles of wage fixation -Minimum wages Act 1948, Payments of wages Act 1936, Equal Remuneration Act 1976, Industrial Disputes Act 1947, and Companies Act 1956.

Computer Can Replace Teacher Essay

There are some innovation and engineering enthusiasts who usurp that computer-based reading will soon replace teachers. Just take a look at some recent op-eds by Andy Kessler and Ric rough Galant. They point to the handiness of information via the Internet and the recent advances in online program line and adaptive acquire as harbingers of teacher obsolescence. These assertions are alarming to those who advocate the importance of teachers, handle Diane Ravitch and Wendy Kopp. They point to a strong body of research that affirms the importance of nigh teachers. So how do we make sense of this war of words and disturbance of opinions? To one degree or a nonher, both sides are overlooking classical considerations. Those who proclaim that computers will replace teachers often naively reduce belief to mere bidding and assessment. In doing so, they forget the true breadth and complexity of the job teachers perform. Computers are becoming better at providing customized direct i nstruction and at assessing student mastery of foundational knowledge and skills. But good teachers do much more than present information and drill the fundamentals. High- theatrical role teachers guide their students through with(predicate) activities and projects that stretch them to analyze, synthesize, and apply what they have learned across academic subjects and into the genuinely world.They provide personalized, qualitative feedback to help students develop their critical and creative thinking. They establish a classroom culture that intrinsic ally motivates students by honoring their hard organise and by making academic achievement socially relevant. sack above and beyond the call of duty, many of the best teachers are control by a whatever-it-takes attitude to ensure that all their students receive the resources and gestate needed to put them on a path to success in life. Those human aspects of good instruction are not going to be replaced by machines anytime soon. On the other side of the debate, those who emphasize the importance of traditional teachers often do not notice how unrealistic it is to provide high-quality teachers at scale in the current monolithic model of classroom-based instruction. They overlook the occurrence that the breadth and complexity of the job of good precept makes it nearly undoable for most teachers to do all of the critical aspects of their job exceptionally well. Teachers are expected to design and execute daily lesson plans for multiple hours of the school day, maneuver student learning activities, administer and grade student assessments, develop and hold efficient and effectiveclassroom procedures, and differentiate their approaches for diverse student needs, all while managing the daily wild cards of student behavior. Additionally, we expect teachers to bear on close contact with parents, provide students with social and emotional support, perhaps plead after-school tutoring, sponsor student clubs, coach sports, organize school and corporation events, and shoulder many of our schools administrative duties. With all of these jobs crammed onto their plates, few teachers have the time, stamina, or cognitive and emotional capacity to do each job well. on a lower floor these circumstances, is it any surprise that so few teachers produce the results that we demand of them? prodigious teachers are often put on pedestals in the media and in macrocosm debate, but these awesome individuals produce a level of work that is rarely sustainable and certainly not scalable.The model of monolithic classroom instruction from the late 1800s just wasnt designed to allow teachers to bring 21st-century expectations. In fact, traditional classrooms were designed to prepare students for jobs in an industrial economy of the past. To meet this end, the system was set up to process seemingly homogeneous batches of in addition aged students through one-size-fits-all instruction. Undifferentiated instruc tion was acceptable back thence because students only needed to understand math, science, and literature at a C or D level in order to pass quality control, receive their diplomas, and enter the workforce. Teaching might have been a middling manageable job back when these assumptions held true, but in the knowledge-based economy of today, the assumptions no longer hold and teaching becomes a heroic job. Despite the flimsy challenges we face in providing good teachers at scale, there is a gleaming light at the end of the tunnel. The educators, innovators, and entrepreneurs that are now experimenting with blended learning are completely redesigning our models of instruction. Rather than merely layering technology on pourboire of traditional classrooms, they are leveraging technology to transform the role of teachers, despatch student learning, and magnify the impact of educators. Blended learning allows much of the work of basic instructionlike drilling multiplication tables or r eviewing phrase wordsto be offloaded to computers so that teachers can focus on the aspects of teaching that they find most rewarding, such as mentoring students and facilitating exploratory learning projects. correctly implemented blended learning does not eliminate teachers, but preferably eliminates some of the job functions that teachers find most onerous. Technology will not improve our commandment system if we marginalize or eliminate teachers. Likewise, our education system will not meet modern needs at scale until we innovate beyond the factory-model classroom. Innovation may lead us to classroom setups and teacher roles that look very different from today, but a human element will always be an essential office of the equation. By framing the debate as technology vs. teachers, we create a false dichotomy. Instead, our conversations should focus on finding ways to let technology do what it does best so that we can leverage teachers to do what they do

Discuss Shakespeare’s presentation of Cleopatra Essay

A woman of infinite variety. This may be a precise accurate portrayal of Cleopatra in my opinion. Cleopatra is a very interesting voice in Shakespe bes Antony and Cleopatra. She is presented in many ways she is a vast cogniser yet childish within her actions. Her actions are a observance of her personality and shows how her character develops through bulge out the match. She goes from childish to suffering her consequences of this. The debut of Cleopatra contributes to the plays audiences and the things she does are a reflection of her love for Antony. Shakespeares presentation of Cleopatra helps to make her a credible character and helps audience to relate to her actions taken.An case of Cleopatras presentation is when she is with and without Antony. It is notice competent how her actions change, with the juxtaposition of pictorial matters where she is in Egypt without Antony. Without him, we jibe her as a woman in love. She spends hours wondering where her beloved Antony is and what is he doing. She a great deal ponders if he is thinking of her. She is infatuated with him. She corporationistert bear to be apart from him. This is shown in act 1 scene 5 when Cleopatra asks to take up mandragora. This is a type of sleeping drug. She is effectively saying that she cant bear to be parted from her lover so she big businessman as well sleep the time away.This is in contrast to her behavior towards him when he returns to her. It as if when hes around her he can never please her or at least she will never show her pleasure with him. She is hesitant as if she doesnt want him to see her true love for him. This makes me think that beca riding habit of her past with men, which never seems to work out she may realise that he is the one for her but she is afraid that she may lose him. This can be seen by her anger when Charmian praises Caesar Cleopatra demands they say the brave Antony by Shakespeare using the word brave this shows Cleopatra sees him as s trong and noble. Her actions excessively show she is hard to please for example she tells Charmian that if she finds Antony drab then say Im dancing. This shows how perverse she can be, especi onlyy towards Antony it shows her childlike actions towards him.Shakespeare has presented Cleopatra as a very alluring character, who seems to be able to magical spell and enchant any man or woman. Her ladies seem to be under a spell. They love her so much and are so loyal towards her. She has a great sex appeal and is able to use it to her advantage, although some characters see her as a strumpet, they believe she has utilise her enchantment to control Antony. This can be seen by the way he is so in love with her he leaves wives just to be with her. any(prenominal) may argue he is not truly in love with her, that it is lust, but it doesnt explain the consequences he suffers to be with her. Maybe Shakespeare is nerve-racking to show how one person can have such an involve on a persons l ife through love. This would be valid as the play is a great love story.Shakespeare presents Cleopatra as a very controlling and overpowering woman. This can be seen as even the cynical Enobarbus admits to the power of Cleopatras appearance. He describing her as beggared all description shows that to describe the belt along exhausts the power of language. She is of course a queen and all queens have a very regal mien, this is seen in the famous barge speech by Enobarbus, where he describes this wonderful barge with purple sails, purple is associated as very regal colour and he talks of the gold on the barge which represent her wealth. These images are employ to show her status and importance. Enobarbus also describes a scent surrounding her a strange invisible perfume hits the sense. This sensual imagery for her presence as perfume is associated with a sweet smell.The movement of the oars of the barge are described in a powerful image tunes of flutes kept stroke, This mover th at the music kept the oars at a rhythmic pace. He also says she oerpicturing that Venus this is saying how she is almost better than Venus, the goddess of love. By compare her to a Goddess this shows her influence upon people. Shakespeares barge speech gives the impression of her charm and attraction, to enhance her enticement and sex appeal towards men.In the last scene where Cleopatra kills herself she want to die wearing all her jewels and fine cloths and crown. This is to show how majestic she is of herself and for people to remember her as a queen. Even when she is dead Charmian straightens up her crown. This shows the loyalty of Cleopatras woman and their love for her such that they want Cleopatra to compute her best even in death.

Mktg577 – Week 6 Case Study

I. Statement of the Problem The synopsis is based on the nu unfastened fusion reaction and erudition surrounded by E. T Kearney and explosive detection system. E. T Kearney is the largest vigilance consulting group while explosive detection system is a technology unfluctuating. The caller- aways unite to form a sore shaping entity that could combine the synergies of both degenerates in the involve for alterd efficiency. The conjugation raised a heathenish box which created problems that atomic number 18 associated with presidential termal finish win over . In this paper, we analyze the conflater and achievement as thoroughly up as the recommendations for better performance of the bare-assly created entity. II. synopsis of the FactsThe attainment of the centering consulting pixilated A. T Kearney by an information technology firm EDS marked a substantive move by such(prenominal) a technology firm in acquiring unmatchable of the best management firms in the corporeal world. EDS bought A. T Kearney for a total of $300 billion in liquid cash and contingency payments as hearty as a crinkle incentive provision of seven million sh ares. The total amount was more than $600 million. The nuclear fusion reaction between the dickens firms was good as a result of the synergetic as healthy as complimentary industry, geographical as salubrious as morphological strength. The skill of A.T Kearney by EDS was ace of EDS grand vision of become a Defining Entity. III. Analysis An compendium of the case reveals that the merger and eruditeness greatly impacts governingal performance and organisational glossiness. Our digest covers the inwardnesss of mergers and encyclopedism on an organisational performance, success factors in M&038A as rise up as organizational elaboration smorgasbord and resistance that cut place in a merger and acquisition. The strategies of a successful M&038 A For A. T Kearney by EDS to merge suc cessfully, at that place is a need for the dish to be conducted smoothly. From the A. T Kearney by EDS case, we ealized that the integrating of the firms that has been acquired should be carried disclose as an ongoing functioning that moldiness be initiated prior to the closing of the gage. During this period of acquisition negotiation as thoroughly as its subjection to regulatory review, the management of the companies that are take up in the merger essential live on together in plan up a clear and becoming integration strategy. Ravenscraft and Scherer (1987) indicated that even if a sodding(a) investigation is carried out before the merger, nearly of the problems might never reveal themselves until at such a cadence that the deal has al lay out been done.The integration management of the new entity must be appropriately recognize as a very pellucid business function having an experienced double-decker who is especi whollyy appointed to oversee the integration w ait on. Should uncomfortable changes such as restructuring and layoff be necessary, it is crucial that the management of the newly organize entity to announce as well as implement these as soon as possible. This is necessary in rule to eliminate resistance to organizational change. The aim of such swiftness is to avoid the various uncertainties as well as anxieties that whitethorn desecrate the companys workforce in the newly formed entity.An some other important lesson that we flush toilet learn from this case is that it is important to flux both the practical as well as business of the companys workforce as well as their cultures. An optimal strategy is the one that involves the stagecoach to which the cultural battle butt end know between the various organizations can view as their own culture as well as identity as indicated by Appelbaum et al (2000). The merger between the deuce companies created synergies as well as in alone new services like CoSourcing.Cultural shock is famous in the study to be one of the main challenges that could have resulted as a result of the acquisition. A. T Kearney feared that thither would be a mass hegira of most of its excellent and professional staff. The say-so loss of clients was also envisioned. Organization culture is a term that is used to boot to the collection of values, policies ,beliefs and attitudes is an important as well as critical element of all organizations (Mullins,2010). Armstrong (2009) indicated that change is the only thing which is incessant in any organization.The work of Kotter (1990) even so noted that organizations are in a state of regular flux. The fact that organizational change is inevitable is a constant element of all organizations that seek to adapt to new challenges as well as approaches (Mullins,2010). The significance of organizational change is captured by Sloan (1967) when he indicated that market situations like the energising nature of the product and services united with the dynamic nature of the market itself can bring down a wedded business entity if the devoted entity is not ready for the culture change.The work of Kanter (1992) defined organizational change as the behavior of the organization to a certain degree or another(prenominal). organizational change has strategic and structural consequences at heart a given organization. This is be arrive at it involves the bear on of dismantling as well a restructuring of the various structures at bottom a given organization. Several problems can arise ascribable to organizational change (Czerniawska,2005). organizational change is a very critical and besides very inevitable process ofan organizations structure. It can create a lot of pressure from the workers as well as management as a result of fear of the unknown.Senior and Fleming (2006 ) noted that organizational change may affect the commonplace operations of the company as well as business functions. The forces that result in organizational change The work of Mullins (2010) indicated that on that point are several factors that can innovation organizational change. Thy may include irresolution in the corporate economics, competition as well as globalization. The work of Kanter (1999) identify certain factors that may trigger organizational change. They include information technology, globalization as well as consolidation all of which are relevant in this case.One of the study arguments for mergers and acquisitions is the notion that synergies do exist, allowing the two firms to work more effectively as one than they would when separate. Such synergies enables the firms to fully exploit economies of scale, approach pattern out the duplication of activities, share managerial expertise, and raise larger revenues (Ravenscraft and Scherer 1987). Unfortunately, research depicts that the foreseen gains lots fail to materialise after a merger (Hughes 1989). Horizontal mergers (between organizations oper ating at the resembling level, in the same industry) can be motivated by the quest of dominating their industry.In theory, bodies like Britains Competition Commission should not allow any tie-up that may bring about monopoly capable of misusing its powers. However, the determination to prevent such acquisitions and mergers are unceasingly controversial and politicized. Different authors have claimed that mergers are unlikely to effect monopolies even in the absence of such rules and laws, as there is lack of attestment that mergers have led to increase concentration of market power (George, 1989), though there can be exceptions within certain industries (Ravenscraft and Scherer, 1987).In given instances, companies have derived revenue enhancementation advantages from mergers and acquisitions. This has however beendisputed by Auerbauch and Reishus, (1988), who argued that tax considerations do not play an energetic role in encouraging companies to merge. Corporations on the oth er hand pursue mergers and acquisitions as a means of diversification, allowing them to explore new markets and distribute their risks. A firm may also seek to acquire another in belief that its target is undervalued, and thence abargain good becoming to generate high returns for the acquiring firms shareholders.These acquisitions are encouraged by desires to build empires parent firmss managers (Ravenscraft and Scherer, 1987). Most of the clock , acquisitions fail to generate returns for the acquiring company due to the fact that they bought it at a price higher than its value. Having been over-enthusiastic while buying, the purchaser may later discover that the bounteousness compensable duringthe acquisition for the shares (winners curse) eliminates all advantages do from the acquisition (Henry, 2002).However, it must be noted that even a deal that is pecuniaryly sound may turn out to be disastrous, if it is implemented in a means that does not take into scotch the organiz ations staff and the difference in corporate civilizations. Extreme contrasts may exist in the attitudes and values of the two firms, specifically if the emerging partnership is international. A merger or acquisition becomes a stressful process for the people involved retrenchments, reorganization, and the imposition of a new corporate culture and identity brings about uncertainty, fretfulness and hatred amongst a companys staff (Appelbaum et al,2000).Research has prove that a firms productivity may neglect by 25 to 50 per centumduring a large-scale change demoralization of the firms workers is the main fence for this (Tetenbaum, 1999). The companies attention are often paid to short term legal and financial goals rather than the implication of such mergers and acquisitions on corporate identity and communication, factors that may ultimately prove to be important in the long run due to their effect on the workforces morale and productivity (Balmer and Dinnie,1999)Huczynski an d Buchanan (2001) indicated that organizational change can greatly affect organizational performance. It might however be necessary to change the culture of agiven firm in order to enhance its performance. It is thus necessary for the process of organizational change to be managed well as well as controlled so as to suck in the results that are desired (Hayes,2007). The reality of an organizational change is noted by Calvello &038 Seamon (1995) to be very painful since might cause resistance and lower the morale of the employees. IV. RecommendationsIn order for the change process to be seamlessly smooth, EDS must involve itself in ever-changing the culture of the organization in a continuous and yet overlapping fashion. The resiliency of the employees must be fostered. The company must therefore concentrate its efforts in the the man and fostering of resilience of the employees. It should therefore create acultural neutral zone. This is to say that some time must be set by to allow the workers to effectively focus their synergies so that they may effectively cope with the organizational changes as well as uncertainties.The other alternative is change leadership. The newly created entity within EDS must embrace the process of change leadership and acknowledge it as a important element of organizational success. The most crucial element that an organizational leader can supplement in ana changing organization are conviction, authority and passion as noted by Kanter (2009). The change process must be incremental. Strategies for a successful merger and acquisition Tetenbaum (1999 presented seven strategies that can be industrious for a successful merger and acquisition to be realized.They included a soused involvement of the human resource managers in the process of acquisition. The building of an oreganizational capacity finished the paying of close attention to the process of employee retention as well as recruitment, ensuring that the process of integr ation is comelyly rivet on the effect that is desired, careful management of the cultural integration, quick completion of the acquisition process, effective communication as well as the development of a clear and yet standardized plan of integration. V. ConclusionThe merger between A. T Kearney and EDS is a clear example of the importance of proper management of organizational culture change. It is therefore crucial for merger and acquisitions to be carried out with a consideration of the possible culture shock that may affect the level of organizational performance. References Appelbaum, Steven H. , Gandell, Joy, Jobin, Francois, Proper, Shay, and Yortis, Harry (2000), Anatomy of a merger behavior of organizational factors and processes throughout the pre- during- post-stages,Management Decision, Vol. 8, Numbers 9 and 10 Balmer, John M. T. , and Dinnie, Keith (1999), Corporate identity and corporate communications the antidote to merger alienation,Corporate Communications An In ternational Journal, Vol. 4 Number 4 1999. Calvello, Mike and Seamon, Dan. (1995). reassign Management Through Transition Teams The Carolina magnate &038 Light Solution. Performance Improvement, v34 n4 pp 16-19. Czerniawska, F. (2005). From bottlenecks to blackberries How the relationship between organisations and individual is changing. Managing consultancies organisation. , 8-16. George, Kenneth (1989), Do we need a merger policy? . In spinal fusions and Merger Policy Henry, David (2002), Mergers Why Most freehand Deals Dont Pay Off,Business Week, October 14, 2002. Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D. (2001) Organizational Behaviour. 4th ed. England scholar Hall. Kanter, R. M. (2009). Supercorp How Vanguard Companies give rise Innovation, Profits, Growth, and Social Good. New York Crown Business. Kanter, R. M. , Stein, B. A. and Jick, T. D. (1992). The altercate of Organizational Change. New York Free pressing Mullins, L. J. 2010) Management &038 Organizational Behavior 9th Ed. U. S. A. Pearson Prentice Hall Ravenscraft, David J. &038 Scherer, F. M. (1987),Mergers, Sell-offs and Economic Efficiency. Washington, DC The Brookings Institution. Senior, B. and Fleming, J. (2006) Organizational Change (3rd edn), Essex, Pearson Sloan,AP. (1967). My years in ecumenic Motors Taylor Cos, Jr. (1994) Cultural Diversity in Organizations U. S. A. Berrett- Koehler Publishers, Inc. Tetenbaum, Tony J. (1999), Beating the odds of merger and acquisition failure seven key practices that improve the chance for expected

Buying the Most Expensive Thing

Recently my family bought a radical home, and while it was as a good deal notes as most homes be ( we are paying $167,100 for a three bedroom one bath) it was the most expensive occasion we have ever bought. Buying a new home in any providence volition always be an expensive endeavor. In this current economy it is a vendees foodstuff but thither are still many things a buyer and seller must meditate when buying or selling a home.The strength of the economy for a buyer stop affect the benefits of the home self-possession because it would determine the future market pry of the home. It will also determine the market price that has to be paid at the time of purchase as easy as determining the interest footstep of how much that needs to be repaid. The remotion of the tax deductibles of the payments increases the after-tax cost, and when taxes come due on the house at the end of the division there is no added incentives for owning a home.This will lead to the decrease in buying of new homes and the drastic fall of prices for sellers. there are many other things that back affect whether a person can cave in to buy a home, but government spending and taxes are the biggest incentive as to what a family can afford and what benefits they can receive when buying. With an increase to taxes there is less money to spend and lighten for buying a new home, and the reparation of the home will effect how much I need to pay in property taxes.

Urban Design and Contemporary Buildings

contemporary Architects argon invariably forcing the bounds when externalizeing buildings and argon traveling against fetching urban Theorists in how b are-assed developments should associate to their environing context and how urban throw rules should utilised to disembowel uninfected urban infinites.The extent at which Architects and Designers be withstanding the environment context to plan constructions great deal be seen as debat competent and has direct to the milieus existence perceived in a negative mode. Such as when the historical facets of the urban sight ar creation subjected to contemporary constructions, can these constructions coincide to tot up a peremptory bear upon and how do they sit facial expression by side with each other as anile and new save still return the cardinal facets of urban practice ( Tomback, n. vitamin D 5 ) ?Traditional urban theoreticians such(prenominal) as Kevin Lynch, Gordon Clutch, Jane Jacobs and Christian Alexander and numerous to a greater extent, who are midland decorators and authors flip attested and provided theories on how urban infinites should be construe for urban objective. Urban Design is a procedure use to do topographical points emend for tribe which otherwise would charter been produced ( Carmona, Tiesdell, heath &038 A Oc, 2010 3 ) .The strain will concentrate on how contemporaneous indoor decorators such as Daniel Libeskind, blackguard Gehry, Rem Koolhaas, Will Alsop and Zaha Hadid and more(prenominal) look at created buildings which have become reliable in the urban scene because they provide coercive personal strong points. To understand how neo-day building inside(prenominal) decorators have provided positive effects on the urban scene is the custom of the graytimer rules of urban initiation which are people, topographic points, political relations and scotch sciences ( Carmona, Tiesdell, Heath &038 A Oc, 2010 3 ) . Using authority surveies from assorted ultra contemporaneous edifices which have been perceived as misunderstood repayable to plan can be used to try out how these edifice have created positive impacts in footings of consciousness to the environing country and have and so been accepted into the urban scene.Urban approach pattern rules are being used to take up successful edifices that are connected to their contextual milieus. But modern-day edifices by internal decorators are utilizing urban design rules only when are non sing the context but in making so they are later bring forthing positive effects in reinvigorating the urban scene.Due to the concomitant that in the past century technical promotions have led people to go progressively nomadic, while metropoliss are non and are stationary. Cities have to constantly seek order to derive attractive force for economic benefits, they do this by sharing their storey and cultural heritage to supply a better sense of life and flirt environment to pull investors. Councils strive to primed(p) their towns and metropoliss on the mathematical function by utilizing the advocate of urban theoreticians to obtain an urban design vision ( Cousseran et al, 2006 31 ) .Iconic edifices are being designed to derive the entice in this competitory race for attention by utilizing modern-day edifices to evoke the prestige of the metropolis. Planing Iconic edifices can increase the metropoliss report card through deriving an addition in population, new expends and an addition in tourism taking to economic regeneration. Such was the suit in Venice in the Renaissance period by pulling both the designers, imaginative persons and craftsmen they were able to build memorials and graphicss which led to technical prosperity and being cognise as the metropolis in love with itself ( Cousseran et al, 2006 31 ) .Contemporary edifices are being designed in metropoliss to make better investing environments to award that they mean concern. They are withal utilizing urban infinites to make consciousness, taking to legion(predicate) modern-day interior decorators to seek urban design undertakings ( Cousseran et al, 2006 31 ) . Economic advantages for planing utilizing modern-day edifice designs are cardinal constituents to the orison of modern-day designs in the urban scene. on that pointfore, architecture in modern-day footings is non merely view of as economically feasible or for economic additions. Contemporary edifices are used to symbolize wealth and aesthetic dish aerial in the urban environment, they are iconic sculptural exhibits for the populace, something that people can galvanic pile and flock towards and to do indigens proud.The success of the Guggenheim Museum in Balboa ( telephone number 1 ) designed by bold Gehry was due to its modern-day design and has shown what modern-day architecture can introduce to reinvigorate the urban scene. The edifice design put one of the largest metropoliss in Spain on the m ap, during a mag of economic and social diminution. The positive result of the Guggenheim Museum in balboa has in bend divine towns to mime and make reproductions of Bilbaos success, taking to what is now known as the Bilbao effect ( Cousseran et al, 2006 31 ) .The Guggenheim Museum has for the environing composition created better prosperity for the metropolis. In the eighties Bilbao was enduring from rapid societal struggles and force, taking to many companies retreating investings and go forthing to other more comfortable metropoliss. The authorities decided to that it indispensable a regeneration undertaking to better the metropolis ( Cousseran et al, 2006 31 ) .Receiving international exhilaration and positive reappraisals immediately projected the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao into planetary headlines. The touristry industry boomed transport in 800,000 to 1,000,000 people in every year of which 90 % were from outside of the state. The economic impact of the Guggenheim Mus eum which required $ 124.8 million in live has continuously paid this back many times all over, taking to the council being able to better the urban scene by developing new hotels, conveyance systems, map halls and public assemblage locations such as Parkss, coffeehouse and public graphics and sculptures. The Bilbao effect came into consequence thanks to Frank Gehry, to the frequent populace this may non be valuable but to urban contrivers, politicians and Museum art managers it center the transmutation of metropoliss by making new social/cultural edifices to pull occupants, tourers and investors ( The maneuver Newspaper, 2007 1 ) .Figure 1 Guggenheim Museum Bilbao ( substance abuser MykReeve, 2005 )Although Frank Gehry was internationally successful for the usage of modern-day architecture in the urban environment, there have been instances where Frank Gehrys work was non ab initio accepted. non all modern-day designers are critically appraised on their modern-day edifice d esigns. There are instances where modern-day edifices are met with controversial invidious apprehension.Much equivalent Frank Gehrys modern-day constructing the Nationale-Nederlanden in Prague ( Figure 2 ) and his ain lay in Santa Monica ( figure 3 ) , which were met with unfavorable judgment. The Nationale-Nederlanden in Prague is anyways known as the leaping offer because of its alone form, dimensions and signifier. Controversy about the edifice was due to the fact that locals in the environing countries of which the edifice was constructed, occupied a historic urban background with edifices being of 19Thursdaycentury neo-renaissance manner and they dislike the difference in contrast. After 10 old ages of statements over the modern-day edifice, modern Prague is now observing the controversial edifice as being an iconic edifice which is pulling people. It was even awarded the honor of being the concluding gold coin in Prague for a series known as the 10 centuries of archite cture in 2005 by the Czech National Bank ( bounce fireside, Prague, n.d ) . Even Frank Gehrys place in Santa Monica was met by unfavorable judgment due to its assorted signifiers and the usage of stuffs which were disliked by the neighbouring occupants for non suiting into the environing context. The edifice acquire the 25 twelvemonth award for being a edifice which has stood the trial of clip by the AIA. After the old ages of success, people are sing the place like a tourer attractive force ( Frank Gehry House, n.d ) .Figure 2The Dancing House PragueFigure 3Frank Gehry fireside Santa Monica( Quinzani, 2008 ) ( User Cygnusloop99, 2011 )Even though these edifice were controversial at the clip they were constructed due to their strong contrast with the remainder of the urban scene over clip they have been able to travel past these disagreements, which has in bend led to more positive effects on the urban scene by making a more active and booming environment. The success of the G uggenheim Museum and assent in Bilbao was to make with the combined general planning by the metropolis governments which worked demanding on the development, because they were think about the hereinafter of their metropolis ( Klingman, 2007 248 ) . The same can be said about the Dancing House ( Nationale-Nederlanden ) in Prague, even though the edifice was met with unfavorable judgment because of its design the first President of the Czech Republic, Vaclav Havel who lived near to the edifice was a known subscriber and compete an active function in acquiring the edifice constructed. The edifice was accepted by 68 % of the occupants and was allowed to get down into a building stage, the edifice is now Pragues foremost illustration of modern-day modern architecture and is often visited by tourers ( Bridges, 2011 552 ) .There are many modern-day designers and interior decorators making modern-day architecture which search to hold no relevancy in the traditional urban environment. But these interior decorators are able to utilize urban design rules, which are people, topographic point, political relations and economic sciences to positively heighten the environing urban infinite. I used Frank Gehry for my instance surveies in this essay to demo that as a prima modern-day designer his edifices consider the urban design rules but through utilizing iconic signifiers. Not ever are his designs met with positive responses because of the doubtless strong contrast to their milieus but they do make positive urban infinites and over clip they can go accepted into the urban scene.BibliographyThe Art Newspaper. , ( 2007 ) .The Bilbao Effect from worthless port to must-see metropolis,available at hypertext head communications communications protocol //www.lord.ca/Media/TheArtNewspaper32-33Museums.pdf Accessed tertiary January 2015 , pp. 1.Tomback, D. H. ,Contemporary architecture in urban historical context,available at hypertext convert protocol //www.ehhf.eu/ sites/g/files/g1439326/f/201407/Workshop 2.pdf Accessed third January 2015 , pp. 5.Galinsky.com. ,Dancing house, Prague. available at hypertext depute protocol //www.galinsky.com/buildings/dancinghouse/ Accessed 3rd January 2015 .Timeout.com.Frank Gehry House. , available at hypertext carry protocol //www.timeout.com/los-angeles/things-to-do/frank-gehry-house Accessed 3rd January 2015 .Klingman, A, . ( 2007 ) . Brandscape Architecture in the Experience Economy, available at hypertext shift protocol //contemporaryurbananthropology.com/pdfs/Klingmann, % 20Beyond % 20Bilbao.pdf Accessed 3rd January 2015 , pp. 248.Bridges 2011 Mathematicss, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture, ( 2011 ) .A abbreviated Review of Frank O. Gehry andthe Nationale- Nederlande Building,available at hypertext transfer protocol //archive.bridgesmathart.org/2011/bridges2011-551.pdf Accessed 3rd January 2015 , pp. 552.Carmona, M. , Tiesdell, S. , Heath, T. &038 A Oc, T. ( 2010 )Public Places Urban Sp aces, 2neodymiumedition. on-line Elsevier Ltd. Available fromhypertext transfer protocol //www.dawsonera.com/readonline/9781856179041 Accessed 3rd January 2015 , pp. 3.Cousseran et Al, ( 2006 ) Urban Design Futures. on-line USA &038 A Canada, Routledge. Available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.tandfebooks.com.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/doi/view/10.4324/9780203601723 Accessed 3rd January 2015 , pp. 31.Figure 1, User MykReeve ( 2005 )TheGuggenheim Museum Bilbao, along theNervion Riverin line districtBilbao characterisation . Available from hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Foundation mediaviewer/ accommodate Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg ( Accessed 3rd January 2015 ) .Figure 2, Quinzan, D, . ( 2008 ) , Photograph . Available from hypertext transfer protocol //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File Case_danzanti.jpg ( Accessed 3rd January 2015 ) .Figure 3, User Cygnusloop99 ( 2011 )Frank Gehry s house in a swish country in Santa Monica. It i s built upon an old house, with new elements added into the frame. Photograph . Available from hypertext transfer protocol //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File Gehry_House_-_Image01.jpg ( Accessed 3rd January 2015 ) .