Amino Acid Chromatography

In this experiment composition chromatography was apply in order to identify two unknown quantity aminic astringents victimisation eight known amino ones. The two unknown ones were identified by study the exceed they travelled up the chromatography paper and their Rf determine to the corresponding values of the other eight known amino acids. The unknown amino acids identified were Glycine and Methionine. Introduction Proteins in cells ar measurable in many ways. There ar distinct types of proteins such as contractile proteins, enzymes, hormonal proteins, structural proteins and transport proteins. They are vital to uniform cell functioning.Proteins are made up of amino acids that are get together together by peptide bonds. When fewer than 50 amino acids are conjugate together, a polypeptide is form. All proteins have two groups in common. They have a carboxylic group and an amino group. There are 20 types of amino acids that bond together in different combinations to perform different functions. The simple structure of proteins is the order and number of amino acids. Secondary, tertiary and quarternary structures are formed from chains of peptides that are folded into sheets, ribbons and coils so that they form a 3D r for each one(prenominal) and are more stable.Different weights of amino acid make them differ in polarity. This singularity enables the sepa proportionalityn of proteins by polarity using chromatography. Paper chromatography is an congresswoman of a chromatography technique called absorption chromatography. The paper is the adsorbent, which will bind the components of the mixture. The kernel will be full pointted onto the chromatography paper and put into a beaker fill up with reply. The re dissolver will consequently flow through the paper. The solvent chosen depends mellowedly on its polarity as this will be the characteristic that will separate the different substances.Petroleum, ether, hexanes, cyclohexanes and tol uene are some examples of solvents with different polarities as well as increasing polarities. In some cases, mixtures of solvents are made to reach a certain polarity. If substances that are needed to be separated are polar, then the solvent must be roughly less polar. Non-polar substances need a polar solvent to be separated. The solvent travels faster than the samples. The Rf value is the ratio of the surmount traveled by the sample and the place travelled by the sample.Rf = distance travelled by amino acid sample from the dividing blood in mm distance travelled by the solvent from the line of credit in mm Factors affecting how far the amino acids travel depend on how high the solvent is allowed to rise on the paper, the type of absorbent, the type of concentration of the solvent, temperature and the distance of the introduction from the solvent. One type of test to detect proteins is the Ninhydrin test. This test makes the amino acids spot visible. Ninhydrin is a pale y ellow solid and it reacts with the amino group in the amino acids and proteins and produces a purple product.Heat must be used in order to speed up the reaction. Objective The objective of this experiment was to spot various amino acids and an unknown mixture on chromatography paper and running it with a chromatography solvent. The lab period following included treating the samples with Ninhydrin solution and oestrus it so that the amino acids could be visible. The distance of the samples were then measured in mm from the origin. The measurements were then used to calculate the Rf values for each sample and thus the unknown sample could be identified. Materials Alanine, 1% solving Arginine, 1% baseAsparagine, 1% Solution Aspartic acid, 1% Solution Glycine, 1% Solution Lysine, 1% Solution Methionine, 1% Solution Tyrosine, 1% Solution Unknown, 1% Solution Chromatography Solvent, 20mL Ninhydrin solution, 2%, 10mL Beaker, 600mL Chromatography paper, 20X10 cm Graduated Cylinder, 25-m L Heat source, prohibitionisting over or hot plate Micro winding pipets, 9 Pencil Ruler Spray feeding bottle Stapler Watch scrap or aluminum foil procedure 1. On a 20cm wide by 10 cm high piece of chromatography paper, a draw was used to draw a slap-up line (about 1 cm) from the bottom of the paper from the left to the right array 2.Nine pencil distributor points were placed 2cm apart on the line 3. The name of each amino acid was written under each dot in pencil. 20 mL of chromatography solvent was then added to the 600-mL beaker 4. A micropipette was used to view as a small amount of the first amino acid 5. The tip of the pipette was placed above the chromatography paper directly above the pencil dot and a spot of the amino acid was dropped on the dot 6. Steps 4 and 5 were repeated for the eight amino acid solutions 7. With the sample side facing outwards the chromatography paper was turned into a cylinder and the top and bottom edges of the paper were stapled. .The paper cylinder was then placed into a beaker with the chromatography solvent. 9. The beaker was then covered with a watch glass 10. The samples were then allowed to run gutter the solvent level was about 1 cm from the top of the paper. 11. The chromatography paper was then removed from the beaker. The solvent peak was then marked with a pencil line and the staples were removed 12. The chromatography paper was then left to dry During the following lab 13. The chromatography paper was sprayed with a spray bottle containing 10mL of 2 % Ninhydrin solution 14.The chromatography paper was left to dry for 10-20 minutes 15. The paper was then put in a drying oven or held 10 cm above a hot plate to pepperiness so that the color could develop 16. A dot was placed with a pencil at the centermost point of each amino acid 17. The distance in mm of the solvent traveled from the pencil line till the where the solved stopped traveling was measured. 18. The distance in mm from the origin till where ea ch amino acid traveled was measured 19. The Rf value for each amino acid was calculated ResultsTable 1 duration and Rf values of the amino acids and unknowns Amino Distance(mm)452427223015574235/60 Rf Value0. 50. 270. 30. 240. 330. 170. 630. 470. 39/0. 67 The distance traveled by the solvent from the pencil line drawn was 90mm. The unknown samples were found to be Glycine and Methionine by comparing their Rf and distances values to those amino acids with Rf and distance values that were calculated. intervention Paper Chromatography is used to separate a mixture of compounds into its components.Pens and markers are non used as their ink will be separated too. Instead, pencils are utilized as they are made from graphite which does not separate. capillary vessel action is the ability of a smooth to flow in minute spaces without any help from external forces. This flow is against gravity as well. This happens because of the intermolecular attractive forces between the liquid and th e solid surrounding surfaces. Surface tension and adhesive forces between the liquid and solid also help the liquid rise through the solid.The Rf value is defined as the ratio of the distance travelled by the amino acid sample from the origin to the distance travelled by the solvent. The ratios, therefore, stay the same regardless of the solvent used. Ninhydrin is used in paper chromatography to identify amino acids. Ninhydrin solution turns the amino acid fingerprints to the color purple, therefore making them visible. For this reason we take boot when touching the chromatography paper. The least polar amino acid was alanine as the distance it moved up the paper was the least.