Dollar Tree Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dollar channelise - Case field of honor ExampleAs such, multiple branches ar needed of any one retailer in locate to truly realize profit on the scale that would sustain the viability of any company for any space of time. Dollar Tree has been able to become such a company, gradually acquiring other snub chains over the years, to instantly gather in a presence byout the entire continental get together States and Canada. This paper serves to explain any(prenominal) of the reasons behind their success, as well as providing a description of some future challenges on the horizon. Case Challenge 1 The first challenge facing Dollar Tree rests in the reality that the companys initial growth was accomplished almost exclusively through acquisition. The question then becomes whether or not this will be an attractive option in the practiced future. The reality is that expansion through acquisition will likely be quite difficult in todays economic climate. The company is already strug gling to keep its pricing model in tact (all items at $1), and the cost of acquiring other companies will make this increasingly difficult. With the company now poised to pass the 5,000 location mark in the near future, the reality is that it does not need to concern to grow in the manner. Already being considered the industry leader, there are few chains that are in direct competition with it to begin with. If they desire to acquire even more discount buck chains, it will likely only be in areas of the country where they do not already have an established presence. Case Challenge 2 Dollar Tree also faces the challenge moving send on of being able to continue to offer

Paperwork Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper trifle - Research Paper ExampleThe analysis attempts to understand systematic data hang up and how humans input, transform and parentage data and access information in an organizations context. The swear out of defining the components, architecture, modules, data and interfaces for a system to meet specified needs comprises systems design (Ulrich & Eppinger, 2000). Installing systems without prim plans results in dissatisfied partrs, and the system is often abandoned after short usage. Together, systems analysis and design work in an overlap to lend structure to information systems and determine what changes need to be applied or how a new one may be implemented (Ulrich & Eppinger, 2000). Databases Databases are structured and designed to compose data while offering organized machinery for managing, storing, analyzing and retrieving information (Connolly & Begg, 2002). This is achieved by using t subjects prearranged to model appropriate aspects of the confuse being unde rtaken in a manner supporting the processes using this information. The role of databases in forges is compiling, categorizing and interpreting data. every last(predicate) information used by the project managers, including the researches they conduct, is centrally stored in the database for ease of access by users and developers. Databases alike play a key role in identifying international trends (Connolly & Begg, 2002). Programming Programming entails the designing, documenting, trying, debugging as well up as maintaining source codes for computer programs (Meyer, 2000). A reliable process of programming aims to produce a software package solution that is efficient and can be developed when the project dictates the need. It should be usable, portable, easily maintained and able to anticipate errors occurring from inappropriate, corrupt or incorrect data. The role of programming in projects is to create sets of instructions for use by computers to carry out specified instructi ons and display desired behaviors. Programming also saves the efforts of early(a) teams in the project by automating the processes which would otherwise have been conducted manually (Meyer, 2000). Networking Networking is the linking and interconnecting of groups of computers and hardware through communication carry thus allowing users to share information, files and resources such as printers (Tanenbaum, 2006). Within the network, relevant files may be selected for sharing surrounded by concerned users and departments. In a project, networking merges different departments and even office buildings. The needless distinction of common tools that collect, process, store or transmit information is eliminated when networks are deployed. Barriers to information held on separate computers and systems are also overcome, creating a borderless information and communication environment (Tanenbaum, 2006). It is only through networking that all the other aspects of running a project are held together. The project also benefits by saving costs that would have been used to equip separately department with its own resources, which duplicates purchases. The Web The World Wide Web is an application that runs on the internet (Stallings, 2004). It is a system made up of interlinked internet servers supporting hypertext documents and is accessed through the

SEE OTHER INSTRUCTIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

SEE some other INSTRUCTIONS - Essay ExampleThe influence of the church was strong. The level of restraint from the people was perceived to be the strength of the government. The use of personal credit was considered unpopular (Kidwell & Martin, 2005). Therefore, failure to pay debt was viewed to be antagonizing (Mann, 2002). The savings among Americans started to sort out as consumerism gained momentum. From 1960, there was more emphasis on fulfilling desires rather than meeting needs.Traditionally, American has viewed personal unsuccessful person with contempt and a sense of negativity. In the past, persons petitioning for bankruptcy were imprisoned. The grade towards bankruptcy has been fading and the public is develop sympathy for people filing for bankruptcy. The trend began in 1960 when dramatic rise in cases of bankruptcy was reported. The channelise of the public attitude has been attributed to declining morals and shame in the American society. A recent study renowned that there has been significant shift from 1960s in terms of public perception towards the persons filing from bankruptcy. In the past, bankruptcy was perceived to the petitioners fault. It was r arely associated with external factors like family dissolution, economic conditions and medical disasters (Mnard et al, 2011). The public attributed bankruptcy to personal failure like overindulgence and overspending. This was against the traditionalisticly established norms of honor (Kidwell & Martin, 2005).However, government officials, jurists and scholars acknowledge that the traditional perception of stigma has declined. The same was acknowledged by the popular culture report. Few people are expressing remorse for filing for bankruptcy. The petitioners are appearing to project a relaxed attitude. This has been acknowledged by judges and legislators. The stigma was perceived to be a deterrent measure for stigma (Robinson & Murphy, 2009). According to a study print by the New York Tim es indicated that that unlike

Consumer Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consumer Relationship - Essay ExampleConsumer birth anxiety is one area of organizations that calls for proper intelligence and understanding to achieve. Most organizations look into satisfying the enquires of their customers without world-class understanding themselves. By giving so much focus to consumer satisfaction and ignoring the organization itself, in the coherent run even the customers themselves hardly get satisfied (Liveris 2011, p. 17). This paper critically analyzes the contribution of organizational/product- consumer relationship trends in the global beer industry by taking into consideration the demands of consumer relationships, theories around consumer relationships and the techniques that have been employed by organizations so as to achieve customer relationships. In purchasing goods and services, consumers are always faced with dilemmas in the lead arriving at the closing to buy some specific products or services. In the beer industry, one may gestate much (prenominal) question as, why do I need to buy Heineken but not move lager for instance. Well, depending with the individual, different factors such as price, quality and satisfaction will start ringing in their minds. To others, however, the producer of the product matters a lot. It is common that people tend to choose products from well established organizations as opposed to the upcoming organizations. Described below is the process that most consumers undergo before arriving at the finding to purchase certain products What triggers the mind of any individual to buy a certain product is the need to solve a certain need or problem that such a consumer may be facing. Here, the consumer tends to believe that by purchasing specific products, their problems will be solved. Most organizations start influencing the customer decision making from this point. Companies try to put to customers that those customers actually have problems and those problems can only besolved with products f rom such organizations. A good example is alcohol consumption.

Sexual behavior since the AIDS Epidemic Research Paper

Sexual air since the AIDS Epidemic - Research Paper ExampleThere is drive to understand the character of contraceptive among college students. Such knowledge will help in ensuring that there is full education to these students on the use of contraceptives. The incidence of unintended pregnancy and the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) nonplus increased since the 1980s (Lundgaard, 2010). Many studies that have been done in the past show that there is a high rate of unintended pregnancies. It is in the US that higher incidencecs of unintended preganancies are found further now days it is a replication all over the globe. However, European teens are more likely to use contraceptives than United States teens therefore lower pregnancy rates that in U.S. (Kaye, 2009). This shows that there is no seemly use of contraceptives among college students in the United States. This therefore calls for a study to what could be the cause of such behavior and attitude of con traceptives among college students in the United States. Thesis StatementMany people do not use contraceptives because of misconceptions about contraceptives, negative attitude about contraceptives, failure to recognize the risk of pregnancy, inability to communicate with their partners, comment by partners and worry about side effects.

Medicine river novel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medicine river fresh - Research Paper ExampleThe role of king describes different opposite word dimensions that becomes a part of ironic content of the novel for the readers (Robinson).The photography profession of Will is an ironic daub of the novel. The illustrations and true descriptions of the pictures have double meanings in the novel. For instance, the half black foot woman, and the confusing photographs of the photographers father. In simple words, whole novel surprises the readers by introducing different parts (Robinson).The title of the novel inescapably different perspectives to look. chief(prenominal) reason of the title is to show a connection towards Native Americans and their identity, without the novel content. The fictional town in the town describes an approach towards the title of the novel. Living behaviour of the Native Americans in the novel signify the impression of the title of the novel Medicine River. The characters of Will and Harlen have different th oughts to strike the readers study.A combination of different characters and their activities make the title meaningful. Strengths of the Native Americans atomic number 18 shown through living in the streams in the presence of dominant cultures and traditions. The solutions of the mentioned problems in the novel make it a clear description through its significant title ( power).The novel, Medicine River is a description of a contrary group living who are known as the first nation of Canada. There are eighteen short chapters in the novel. Main story of the novel is developed by a protagonist, Will, in the good-natured, fashion through conversations, and different flashbacks towards the foregoing parts of life. The role of Will is very important in the novel, as he enters the town as a stranger and becomes the part of native group very quickly.In the Medicine River novel, Thomas King starts a story of a small group of people by reflecting the nation as a whole. The

Operations and Projects Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operations and Projects Management - Essay ExampleThe tone of expediency to a customer is paramount in any service firm, and the Bank of Muscat has not underrated this fact. It is atomic number 53 of the banks offering the best quality of banking service in Oman. The bank has a strong believe in quality leadership that seeks to challenge everything the bank does. Such an approach helps the bank maintain and improve the quality of services offered. The banks quality policy is pegged on building and maintaining a good spirit and image by offering the best quality in services and products to customers (Ilin, 2010). The bank targets both multinational and international markets and boasts more about offering products that exceed the needs of their customers. On quality, the bank pursues the following objectivesGovindarajo & Kalyani, (2013, p. 569) Conducted a study to examined how the bank uses relationship marketing to deliver quality service to its customers. They found that the qu ality of services was measured in terms of responsiveness, ambience, trust and assurance. Bank Muscat has done very well in delivering quality service through the quality management system that ensures responsiveness to customer queries and complaints, their banking halls be architectural planed to offer the latest and more comfortable service thereby creating the required ambience (Bank Muscat, 2013). Customers are served intimately as soon as they appear on the bank. This has helped the bank to gain trust since customers are secure of the best service. The bank employees are specially trained to handle customers by offering the best services. The design of the banking facilities is one of the best in Oman as technology has been used to improve customer experience and deliverance of service (Ilin, 2010). The bank is better placed because its services and products are based on Islamic beliefs, which are the fundamental religion in the area.The bank has designed its products to cover both individuals and

Summaries of two articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summaries of two articles - Essay ExampleThe major(ip) influence on student study and academic achievement are the childrens exposure to the timberland of schools and teachers. A test based on the production function models was carried out on the quality of teachers and schools to develop their variance to a large extent on academic achievement rather than characteristics such as age, socioeconomic status and sex over which schools have small-scale or no control over.As a result of the tests, governments have a responsibility to invest in quality learning levels by identifying the goods and services such as library resources, audiovisual equipment, different contacts and homework required and investing in them. Government resources on quality learning are weak and schools have control, but characters that the schools have little control such as preschool measures and out-of-school measures are the major effects on quality learning by schools(Little & Andy 168). Students from high income countries such as US practice preschool measures not influenced by the government or school control compared to low income countries which spend a lot of money on similar academic learning. Academic learning is of quality when it influences social achievement and students are not controlled by schools given their characteristics.The countenance article is on the importance of training as a career to first time tutors. It is essential for any individual with an inspiration to become a teacher or enhance his or her teaching career to make an informed decision base. First time teaching requires proper understanding of the resign matter and the ability to recognize the learning needs of the students and, therefore, be able to engage them mutually check to their different learning capabilities in order to provide solutions for their success attainment and education progression. However, teaching poses legion(predicate) challenges for the first time teachers and, therefore, f irst time tutors should possess critical

Romney Care in Massachusetts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Romney Care in mamma - Research Paper ExampleA self-governing semipublic power with the name of Commonwealth Health Insurance Connector was established by Romneycare. The role of this connection is to offer private plans of insurance to the residents of Massachusetts. Failing to acquire the insurance coverage subjects the residents to the implication of tax penalties. tax revenue filers on Massachusetts that could not manage to get enrolled in the plan of health insurance that they could slowly afford got deprived of the personal exemption worth $219 upon the income tax. Since 2008, there has been an increase in penalties by increments on monthly basis. This was done in order to make the residents more serious about the implication of penalties and diverge their behavior for the better.Before the enactment of Romneycare, number of the uninsured residents of Massachusetts that were qualified for a state or federal health program but were not enrolled anywhere because of indiffere nce, ignorance, or some other priming was between 372000 and 618000. Once Romneycare was enacted, 219000 residents of Massachusetts that were uninsured before acquired the insurance (Tanner). Although the uninsured rate in Massachusetts has lowered up to only 3 per cent, yet 69 per cent people who acquired insurance since the course of instruction 2006 happened to obtain the coverage which to much an extent is subsidized by the taxpayers. The plan has actually worked not in accordance with Romneys requirement of having each and every individual pay to acquire the insurance coverage. As per the notes taken in a report prepared by the Massachusetts Health Connector in February, 2010, Percentage of the 408000 residents of Massachusetts that have acquired the insurance recently and yet pay nothing is significantly preceding(prenominal) 50 (Turner). Number of people that remained uninsured till the end of year 2008 was about 140000. They were either subjected to penalty or the state considered them too poor to afford the premiums, thus excusing from

Training and Development Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Training and Development Bachelor - assay ExampleThat was how it all started.The place did undergo some change towards the end of the second generation Hanks tenure. This was more out of necessity to survive, thrive and make it a source of living while facing glowing competition from the mushroomed pizza corporate. They opened one more storehouse in the town, introduced contemporary and extremely upbeat node seating facilities added washrooms modernized the kitchen with the state-of-art equipment, introduced computerization, and changed the lighting and created an ambience which is ideal for an excellent meal. The upgrade Hanks pizza store could give any pizza corporate outlet a run for its money.The third generation Hank joined the father after finishing an MBA. His first setout was a mission for the business. The mission is to be the first and the scarcely eat out choice of the town and also expanded the number of outlets from two to six, business cypher four times over a period of six years and there seemed no looking at back for the Hanks pizza store. But still something bothered the junior most Hank and he constantly matt-up that there were losing out business to other pizza chains stores.Hank with his latest management knowledge did discover and put an effort to figure out what was amiss with the business while managing the operations of the business. Good get of time was spent balancing the cash books, ensuring there were no stock outs and creating innovative marketing plans to sum up pitfalls and ensure return customers. But still there was something amiss. To secern the problem and find solution for it, Hank leash hired a management consultant and gave a free rein to them to identify the problem. On study Hank troikas style of functioning, it became evident that Hank III was looking at the business from the operations perspective and not from the customers perspective. The consultants deputed mystery story customers to identify and ra te customer experiences at various store locations. The consultants, after a four hebdomad study identified that the customers were comfortable going to a specific store and undertook focus group studies to identify the reasons thereof. (Keerti)Focus Group Studies - What are theyFocus group is a form of qualitative research. In this mode of research a group of people are asked about a product of an idea from their private perspective focusing on various attributes. (Wikipedia) A great deal of information can be achieved by conducting focus group studies. (Free Management Library) They came up with an astonishing fact which did not strike Hank III till then which was that the customer experiences were not uniform across the six stores and the expectations built at each(prenominal) store of the next possible experience was different and hence the strong customer location dedication was being built which was good for an individual store but harmful overall to the business. To arres t this trend the consultants recommended that there be training department set up and train the different categories of staff so that the Hanks Pizza store delivered uniform customer experiences and WOW at all store locations and they identified the interest training programs be conducted as a pre-cursive before embarking on a new marketing initiative.1. The customer promise2. Managing Customer experience3. Customer orientation4. Service orientation5. Service with a

Technical writting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Technical writting - Assignment typesetters caseHe could position the data and information according to things to carry out in the diverse geographical or districts locations of the town. Spatial pattern makes logic intended for the author to standardize the information through somatic location for the reason that the information is simple to understand as well as utilize in this format, mainly for tourists who are non well-known with the region (Friedlander, 2004).A Chronological principle of organization is locate of importance or climactic order. In Chronological pattern, items are set as of least classic to most important. Usual conversions would comprise most difficult, more important, by far the most expensive, still harder, worse up till now, even more damaging, and so on. This is an elastic standard of organization, as well as can guide the organization of the entire or part of case, cause & effect, comparison & contrast, plus definition (Friedlander, 2004). For insta nce, a writers stated principle is to explain the past development or development of the city of Seattle. Supposing that Seattle is having one C years old history, the writer could systematize the data and information through combining it into 4 chunks of 25-year each. In this state of affairs, the sub-points within all major part of time represent the mainly important events that happened throughout that particular time frame (University of Washington, 2009).Usability exam is proven to trim down expenditure, augment user satisfaction, similarly save on improvement as well as redesign work (Blastam, 2009). Usability testing assesses behavior, not preference. Clients are notoriously bad at presenting what kind of software they want on the other good deal through observing and determining behavior, we are able to know about most excellent supports, their motivations, and objectives (Ostrander, 2000). Usability testing offers a great competitive

The Analysis of the Effectiveness of 3 Food Applications Research Paper

The Analysis of the Effectiveness of 3 Food Applications - Research Paper ExampleCurrently, there are a lot of applications with different do as far as service provisions are concerned. A number of usability issues have alike become more prevalent, as the ease with which these applications good deal be developed and distributed increases. In this paper, three types of nourishment applications available in the market are being reviewed. These are Eat24, Fooducate and Foodspotting. Their effectiveness will be evaluated musical composition stating their strengths and weaknesses thereafter (Lonczak, 2011). First and foremost is the Foodspotting application. This is a renowned visual guide to good regimen, where one commode adventure and share great dishes, not only in restaurants. In addition to reviewing restaurants, one can find and share their best dishes using photos. If undecided on what to eat, the application can really help. This characteristic allows the user to determin e the nearest best and latest foods around them. One can find a particular food they really miss or even look up to a hotel to find out their best delicacy at that time. Focusing on its application, Foodspotting has proven to be very beneficial, peculiarly to those who are a big fan of food. It allows the user to locate a new restaurant and provoke food dishes to try in their area. It also permits, the user to share their favorite food dishes with interested parties so that they can experience such(prenominal) delicacies. That being said, the strength of this application is easy to figure out. One such strength is that enables the user to locate the best restaurants and dishes in their location of interest. It also enables the user to recommend friends and to recognize their recommended foods and places. The interface is very attractive and easy to use. With this information, you can be able to criticize local food while applauding others.

Totalitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Totalitarianism - Essay ExampleTotalitarianism is defined as a political organization in which the democracy strives to control all aspects of public and private life of its citizens. Totalitarian regimes stopover in power by employing widespread use of violence, disseminating propaganda through state controlled media, political oppression, denial of exemption of speech and control over the economy. However, Hannah Arendt perceives totalistic as a schema where the state transform relegate into mass movements, have the national police assume the role of the military to instill terror in sight and establish a foreign policy with the intention of domineering the whole world (Cohen & Fermon 575). Arendt argues that totalitarian movements established by totalitarian governments depend on the sheer force of numbers and not proportionable strength like other political parties. With this understanding, it is clear that communism, socialism, liberalism, feminism, conservatism and fascis m are totalitarian ideologies. This paper is mean to show that in the idea of Hannah Arendt, Benito Mussolini a fascist, Vladimir Lenin a communist, and Emma Goldman anarchist and feminist, were all totalitarians. At the end of the jump World War, Italy was found entangled in economic and political challenges. Public servants went on strike in urban centers while, in the rural areas, landless peasants grabbed the lieu of rich landlords. Benito Mussolini used this unrest as an chance to climb to power. He formed the fascist troupe which supported hard line nationalism, and condemned democratic system of government on the belief that competitor parties separated the state. They also reject communism and embraced personal property ownership. In the early 1920s, Mussolini and his supporters had worn the support of most Italian citizens by attacking the communists and socialists. In1922 Mussolini led Italians on a protest march on Rome supposedly to prevent a communist diversity bu t in a real sense to scare the government into appointing him as the prime subgenus Pastor of Italy. Immediately he was in office he enlarged his power by appointing fascistics to high positions, ban the press, organizing secret police, and outlawing condemnation of the government. He controlled the army and the schools making Italian citizens embrace the slogan Everything in the state and nothing outside or against the state (Cohen & Fermon 571). Mussolinis Italy was dominated by one party Fascist party and all opposition parties were wiped out. Mussolini also had a lot of power over this party, until people argued that the party had no part in running of the country but Mussolini himself. He later decided that he requisites to run the country for himself and that the party is no longer important for anything else than doing what he wanted. Mussolini believed in making Italy gigantic by making Italians go to war by all means. On his coming to power, he make Italians to belief th at he was their savior considering hard times they were facing. He replaced the class society with the masses so that he can avoid criticism and later ruled them with the iron fist. For this, his actions constituted totalitarianism as defined by Arendt. Mussolini faulted the American democracy arguing that people do not know what they want and the best for them. He swore that someday America will know that democracy is only beautifully theoretically but a fallacy practically (Cohen & Fermon 532). Mussolini would have been right here when he said that people do not know what they want during voting in leaders. It has always been known that most of the leaders win elections because of their influence and not their ideology. The best people with good ideologies are normally left out. Vladimir Lenin believed in a

Parenting Styles and Developmental Outcomes Research Paper

Parenting Styles and Developmental Outcomes - Research Paper ExampleThis title manifests in the form of substantial parental control coupled with exalted level of child supervision. Children raised within an authoritarian environment should be obedient and respectful towards parental authority. This means that children are unexpended with limited freedom (Barton & Michael, 2012). Behavioral conduct and general activities of children under this style should incline closely to rules and guidelines stipulated by parents. Usually, violation of those rules attracts punishment. In this regard, authoritarian style has low reactivity but high demand on children. Authoritative StyleAuthoritative parenting operates with pre-established rules and guidelines. This means that parents practicing this style have high demands on behavioral patterns of their children. However, the high demand is offset by high level of responsiveness. Unlike authoritarian with low responsiveness, authoritative p arents cherish a democratic environment where children can question guidelines set by their parents. Parents adopting this style have a high propensity of forgiveness as opposed to punishment (Barton & Michael, 2012). Therefore, authoritative style has high responsiveness and high demand on children.Permissive StylePermissive parents set minimal rules for their children. This style has some demands on children, and tends to be more relaxed compared to the previous two styles.

Sino-Soviet Relations, 1958-1962 --- The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Essay - 1

Sino-Soviet Relations, 1958-1962 --- The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis and the Sino-Soviet Split - Essay ExampleThis paper seeks to provide an spirit of how this ideal partnership collapsed and how the second Taiwan crisis of 1958 not only highlighted the tensions among China and the Soviet Union, nevertheless contributed to its demise.By the 1960s, the Sino-Soviet Alliance was practically shattered as their respective ideologies and polices were increasingly at odds. The office of the US Central Intelligence Agency reported to the USs administrators in February 1962 thatSino-Soviet relations are in a critical phase just short of an acknowledged and definitive split. There is no time-consuming much of a fundamental resolution of differences. In our view, the chances that such a split can be avoided in 1962 are no better than ever.2There are a number of theories put forrad by historians and political scientists attempting to understand the driving force splitting the union between the worlds two largest Communist states. Athwal argues that the US nuclear superiority put increasing pressures on Sino-Soviet relations and policies by first influencing China to obtain nuclear weapons and by forcing the Soviets to look to the West in a more amicable way. Moreover, both China and the Soviet Union had different perceptions of the US threat which created additional tensions between the USSR and China. In addition, the US policies toward the Chinese Communist Party and the US sponsorship of CENTO and SEATO and its presence in South Asia move continuing pressure on Sino-Soviet relations contributing to the split.3Haas submits that at the heart of the matter was a ontogenesis discord between the USSR and China over Chinas policies toward Taiwan. Significantly, Khrushchev had been entirely supportive of Chinas most important foreign policy objective the reunification with Taiwan.4 It was widely believed that one of the superior bones of contention between the USSR an d China contributing to the Sino-Soviet split was a

Tea with the birds Essay Example for Free

Tea with the birds EssayThe humanity being is a hearty creature with an essential need to socialize, but in our newfangled society many people happen that they are isolated and lonely in a world surrounded by people. The people of modern society are prejudice and judgmental towards the unknown person, and we will rather observe and assume things most each another(prenominal) than getting to know one another. This is also the case for the main character and her neighbors in Joanne Harris novel Tea with the birds from 2001. The fabricator lives in a flat in Mortimer channel. The teller describes Mortimer Street as being busy without being comfortable crowded without being friendly.Mortimer street has a scent out of coldness around it, and no-one really knows their neighbors even though they live akin birds in cages. The coldness suits the narrator, beca utilise she enjoys the solitude, privateness and silence of her own flat.This has aroused her neighbors curiosity an d suspicious towards her, because as she describes Im a exclusively different race from my neighbors. Both the narrator and her neighbors select her as an outsider, but this does not bother the narrator. Her neighbors consider her as being snobby cause of her reluctance to speak with them. Therefore her neighbors observe her and presume, she is a scholar nurse and she doesnt bother to correct them. Mortimer Street is a upbraiding on the narrators own personality. She is very(prenominal) introverted and doesnt have an interest in getting to know her neighbors. The narrator lives her lonely life, until the daytime when Mr. Juzo Tamaoki moves in the apartment opposite to hers. Another foreigner said the Mortimer Street grapevine, with barely concealed dislike.This once again shows Mortimer Streets residents insecurity towards anyone different from them self. When the narrator and Mr. Tamaoki meet, his expression reminds her of a bird, she once saw in a zoo and still sees every m orning, when she looks in the mirror. The bird resembles the narrator in the way that it has been bred in captivity, and the narrator has been kept in captivity in the two years she spent in a psychological hospital. The two years of solitude and silence and being hidden away from others has affected the narrators psychology, as she is now overwhelmed by the free and loud world and she has become introverted.The narrators only wishes towards Mr. Tamaoki is that he will be quiet and leave her alone, and to her surprise he is the most silent neighbor, she ever had and he keeps to himself. Mr. Tamaoki begins to awaken her curiosity and interest, as she realizes that he is as much a foreigner in Mortimer Street as herself. He always nods and smiles, when he meets the narrator. This is the only kind of social contact, they have with each other. Mr. Tamaoki seems as the perfect neighbor, until he starts receiving a delivery of groceries at five-thirty in morning, which wakes the narrator because she suffers from insomnia. The narrator tries to complain to Mr. Tamaoki by pinning notes to his door, and she starts to resent Mr. Tamaoki for his lack of responds.The narrators irritation over Mr. Tamaoki lack of responds shows that she has an interest in social human contact. The narrator doesnt want to admit her interest in social human contact, so she disguises her interest as irritation and resentment. The narrator starts observing Mr. Tamaoki and becomes like the neighbors without noticing it herself. Mr. Tamaoki is both a reflection of the narrators current person and the person, she wishes to become even though the narrator is ignorant of this fact.Mr. Tamaoki is a foreigner in a new country, where he does not speak the native language. This isolates him from the rest of Mortimer Streets residents. The narrator thinks that Mr. Tamaoki resembles herself ,because she believes that he has chosen to isolate himself from the other residents of Mortimer Street. This howev er is not the case. The narrator overhears Mr. Tamaoki practicing English phrases and this shows that Mr. Tamaoki has a proclivity to interact with people.This desire is shown again, when Mr. Tamaoki invites the narrator in for a form of tea. This interaction translates to the title of the novel. The narrator has previously compared Mr. Tamaoki and herself to the bird from the zoo. Now the two birds are sitting in Mr. Tamaoki apartment drinking tea. Even though the narrator and Mr. Tamaoki sit in silence, she feels comfortable around another person. Mr. Tamaoki stands op after a while and get the narrator to look in the refrigerator. There she sees a colorful display of vegetable birds. She is amazed, and she notices how beautiful and expatiate every bird is.The narrators anger towards the vegetable delivery disappears. When the narrator was unaware of the use of the vegetables ,they were an irritation to her but after she collapseed the use of them, she sees the beauty in them . The narrator describes how people would by chance wonder the birds briefly but they where most likely to ignore them altogether and therefore ever discover their beauty. These birds are a symbol of how the people of modern society observe and do not book an effort to discover the beauty and details of others.Mr. Tamaoki leaves Mortimer Street soon after the visit. Mortimer Street was Mr. Tamaokis nest. It was isolated and practiced from the rest of world, but Mr. Tamaoki has left the nest by moving and is now facing the world.The narrator starts absentminded the sounds and movements coming from Mr. Tamaoki apartment after his departure. The coldness of Mortimer Street is no longer a comfort to her, and the narrator starts noticing her other neighbors. One day she finds the door to Mr. Tamaoki apartment open, and she goes inside where she finds a packet of Japanese parking lot tea with her name on it. The narrator decides to invite her new neighbor in for a cup of tea. The dep arture of Mr. Tamaoki has made the narrator realize that people are not supposed to live like birds in cages. People should interact with each other like birds are meant to be flying among other birds and not be watched though the bars of a cage. The novel also ends with In the semi-darkness of my room, with the fire modelling stilted red shadows on the wall, the rising steam looked like a birds wing fluttering, ready to fly away. The narrator is now ready to fly freely among other people.

Environmental Analysis Essay Example for Free

environmental Analysis EssaySample Responses to Questions1.Laws and Regulations. What atomic number 18 some notice laws and regulations under which this attach to and the medication perseverance must operate?Key laws and regulations in the medicinal drug industry might include copyright regulations, contracts, royal line practices in both retail sales and radio broadcasting, anti-trust, advertising regulations, foreign-trade practices.2.Economy. How does the state of the economy influence the sales of this companions products?The state of the economy has traditionally had slight of an immediate impact on the medical specialty industry than on some others. CDs and on-line(a) medicinal drug sales tend to be low-ticket items, and be less comparablely to be makeed too adversely even by a recession. A key driver of sales is the presence or absence of popular sore talent.3.Technology. What wise technologies strongly affect the come with you have selected?New technol ogies permitting on-line music sales, similar iTunes, and recording and playing devices like iPod and future cellphone technologies, increase the easy availability and sale of music products. They also allow music companies to lift the expense of manufacturing and distri b atomic number 18lying CDs, and sharing sales revenues with retailers. A major downside is that new technologies permit easy write of music without payment. Technology that can provide copyright protection (e.g., preventing unauthorized copying) may be one etymon to this problem.4.Demographics. What changes in the population might affect the companys customer base?Demographics affecting the company might include changes in the population of young people who are the primary purchasers of pop music (conversely, the gradual decrease in classical music sales as the demographic for that segment ages), and the outgrowth importance of the Hispanic market.5. accessible Issues. What changes in society affect the mark et for your companys music products?Social issues affecting the company include not only the increased tolerance for illegal copying of music, already mentioned, but also the increased fragmentation of public tastes and interests. Objections to obscenity in lyrics, and the rising influence of the spiritual market, are other social factors influencing the music business.6.Suppliers. How does your companys relationship with suppliers affect its profitability?The inflict the cost of supplies, the more profit the company will make. In the music industry, supplies are both indubitable (the cost of CDs and jewel cases, for example) and intangible (the money paid to artists.) Companies that introduce new artists take bigger risks, but also have smaller costs than companies that record and distribute the music of established acts.7.Competitors. What companies compete with the dissipated you have selected? Do they compete on price, on quality, or on other factors?Key competitors in the i ndustry include Bertelsmann, EMI, Sony, Universal, and Warner Music. There used to be many more companies, but the industry has experienced considerable consolidation. (There might be even more consolidation but for anti-trust regulations in the U.S. and Europe.) The companies do not compete on price at all, or even on the quality of their products per se the primary(prenominal) sources of competitive advantage are the companies backlist the music copyrights they own and, even more important, the new talent they are able to find and sign. Most music buyers do not know or care which company is selling the music they are buying.8.New entrants. Are new competitors to the company likely? Possible?Traditionally, new entrants were passing unlikely given the large capital investment the music business requires (millions to launch a new album, for example). That may still be the case, but today potential new entrants include music distributors themselves, like Apple, who can decide to b ypass music companies and sign new talent on their own. This is unlikely, as companies like Apple currently do not have the expertise, experience, or perhaps even interest in the business. But it remains a possibility that music companies need to take into account, particularly as on-line distributors become an increasingly important part of the supply chain. In addition, the ability to sell music on line may reduce the need for some well-known artists to rely on the marketing and scattering capabilities of music companies, and to sell directly to consumers on their own.9.Substitutes. Is there a threat of substitutes for the music industrys existing products?There are many substitute delivery systems for music, and the music industry is constantly creation threatened by non-paying delivery systems. Music itself is more difficult to replace, however time spent on other forms of entertainment may decrease the amount of time and money spent on music.10.Customers. What characteristics of the companys customer base influence the companys competitiveness?Customers in the industry are characterized mainly by the fickleness, volatility, and unpredictability of their tastes. Only a small fraction of new releases succeed and these are new releases issued by extremely experienced, knowledgeable companies, in an extremely competitive industry. Even sales of new albums by well-known groups are difficult to predict, and very few stars maintain their longevity. Customers also think theres zippo wrong with making free copies of music for their friends, nor do they have great affection and respect for music companies.Sample Responses to Discussion Questions1.What has the company done to adapt to its environment?To adapt to the environment, music companies are pickings over more of the supply chain, manufacturing their own CDs and managing their own music clubs. They are making deals with on-line music distributors to sell individual songs. They are also increasing their on -line marketing drives, as in permit AOL offer its customers music video and song samples.2.How does the company attempt to influence its environment?To influence the environment, music companies pay slotting fees to retailers to gain shelf space, and pay fees to ensure play time on radio stations. They severely market new releases. They are aggressively seeking to enforce copyright laws forbidding illegal copying their success in shutting down Napster is an example of that. They are also enlisting the artists themselves in an effort to educate and influence the public on the illegal copying issue. In the U.S., they are also communicate the government to pressure China to reduce the widespread music piracy in that country.

Oral Language and Reading Comprehension Essay Example for Free

Oral Language and Reading Comprehension EssayThis paper is intentionally imprint to show the comparability between spontaneous manner of speaking and reading inclusion body. Oral language and reading information argon both essential to every individual. All of us had undergone literal language when we argon heretofore materialisation and as it develops and as we grow and mature, it enables us to be more knowledgeable and prepares us to a more needed comprehension in reading. This two are signifi beart and are interrelated to severally other. As a parent, talking to the child helps expands vocabulary, develop background knowledge, and inspire a curiosity nigh the world. The more a child engages into certain experiences and more learning that starts from parents and then to teachers, it will widen their minds and permits them into a more broad understanding of different things. Oral language is the very learning that each of us has gone through and we still have it up to now. This paper will broaden your knowledge with regards to the comparison between spontaneous language and reading comprehension. Background of the take aim Oral language means communicating with other people. On the other hand, reading comprehension is the act of understanding what you are reading.The definition can be simply stated the act is not simple to teach, learn or practice. Reading comprehension is an intentional, active, interactive process that occurs before, during and after a person reads a particular piece of writing. Oral language and reading comprehension are both essential because in oral language we are proficient on how to communicate wellspring with other people. Reading comprehension, on the other hand, is also a personal manner of understanding the book that we read it could be just a simple magazine, newspaper, or even the books we utilize in school.A person essential be able to understand what he or she is reading. It is inevitable that we know how to talk or communicate but one thing that is very useful as well in our every daytime lives is the ability to read and understand what we read. There is a complete dissimilitude between reading and reading with comprehension. Now, as you go and read this paper, you will be federal official with more ideas with the comparison between spoken language and reading comprehension and how these two work together for a more fluent practice of communication.It will develop your communication and reading skills that it is not adequacy to know how to speak and read but universe able to speak and at the same clipping realize what you are reading and even apply these in real life situations. Related Study Oral language A great deal of research has been done in the field of oral language acquirement. As a means of attempting to negotiate their environment children actively construct language (Dyson, 1983 Halliday, 1994 Sulzby,1985).From a childs earliest experience with personal narrative de velopment, oral language acquisition must be continually fostered. (IRA and NAEYC, 1998). This becomes the building block for establishing success in all areas of literacy. Oral language put d bears to develop at a very young age as children and parents interact with one another in the natural milieu of the home environment (Teale, 1978 Yaden, 1988). A childs home environment greatly impacts the rate, quality and ability to communicate with others (MacLean, Bryant and Bradley, 1987 Martinez, 1983 discipline Research Council 1999).Factors related to language growth in the home environment include parent interaction, books, being read to, modeling home language and literacy routines all closely parallel those of the classroom and school. The development of oral language is an ongoing natural learning process. Children observe oral communication in many contexts home, preschool, prekindergarten, and begin to develop concepts slightly its purposes (Dyson, 1983 Halliday,1994Martine z, 1983). Target skill areas such as sequencing, classification, and letter sounds oral language skills are all components of early childhood educational programs (Kelley and Zamar, 1994).Meaning is a social and cultural phenomenon and all body structure of meaning is a social process. Developmental stages of child language development Phase I Protolinguistic or Protolanguage, Phase II Transition, Phase III Language. The Protolanguage Stage (which is associated with the crawling stage) includes noises and intonation, physical movement, adult/infant interaction this exchange of attention is the beginning of language. During the Transition Stage (which is associated with the developmental stage of walking) there is a renewing from child tongue to mother tongue.During this stage the pragmatic mode develops a demand for goods and services that seeks a response in the form of an action. In Phase III Language Stage, the child moves from talking about shared experience to sharing in formation with a third person. The child realizes that reality is beyond their own experience they invite confirmation, enjoy shared experience. From the ontogenesis of conversation we are able to gain acuteness into human learning and human understanding.Meaning is created at the intersection of two contradictions the experiential one, between the veridical and the conscious modes of experience, and the interpersonal one, between different personal histories of the interacting taking part (Halliday,1994). Properly certain oral language enables a child to effectively communicate their thoughts and viewpoints with others. It is also important for young children to have developed listening skills as they begin to experience the power of communication. The environment influences ones desire to communicate as well as the frequency of communication.Oral language develops through authentic experiences (Harste, Burke and Woodward, 1994). Kindergarten classroom environments that are li ve(a) with social interaction are ideal environments for nourishing speaking and listening skills. As children participate in communicative events, they slowly acquire an understanding of the relevance of these forms. Students need to be provided and encouraged to participate in environmental literacy activities, as those experiences are indispensable to language development (Brown and Briggs, 1987).Development of oral language skills must be addressed in Kindergarten as an underlying part of the daily curriculum in fix up for students to be able to succeed throughout schooling and in todays society (Goodman, 1992 IRI and NAEYC,1998). Kindergarten programs need to be coordinate but not formal. Classrooms that are carefully structured allow for maximum oral language acquisition through authentic literacy activities that take place in natural ship canal during a school day (Ellermeyer, 1988). Education is inquiry based, and as such the focus with education becomes learning, and the task of teaching becomes the inquiry process.The scholarly person is central, in the process of the learning-inquiry cycle (Harste, Burke and Woodward,1994). Students need to be provided and encouraged to participate in environmental literacy activities, as these experiences are indispensable to language development. Dyson (1983) conducted a study of the role early language plays in early writing. Through observations of children at a Kindergarten writing center she concluded that oral language is an integral part of the early writing process. Talk provided both meaning and for some children the systematic means for acquire that meaning on paper.The child as a language learner progresses along a developmental continuum. Language acquisition is fundamentally a social process in which language is used to make and share meaning of experience (Corter and Park, 1993). Children require opportunities to interact with both peers and adults in a wide frame of settings as they learning an d practice language and literacy knowledge, skills, and strategies (Brown and Briggs 1987 Coohn, 1981 Dyson, 1983 Ellermeyer, 1988). Children like to talk about themselves, their friends, their families, their pets, their hobbies, etc.Engaging young children in conversation about things with which they are familiar affords them a comfort level to experiment with ways to express themselves. Opportunities to increase oral language abilities and applications are embedded within the literacy program. Conversation, collaboration, and learning through others are integral to learning. A childs oral language ability is the basis for beginning literacy instruction, and as such sign informal assessments as well as ongoing assessment during the school year would provide let out information regarding a childs oral language abilities.

White soul system designs Essay Example for Free

White soul arrangement designs establish1 Analysis 1. 1 Introduction White Soul System Designs is a small calculator hold on that designs and accomplishs many of its own governing bodys and products. It is situated on Queen Street in the centre of Neath. more people swear by White Soul products and go to the store for any product they manage to purchase or repairs their calculating machines need. Manu people in Neath use this store because the prices of products argon guarantied to be the lowest you so-and-so find, and the repair system, no fix no fee is very popular. At present simply both full period staff members work there.The owner Mr. Adam Williams and his only member of staff Mr.John Edwards. The store is open form 9am 5pm every weekday. On Saturdays it is open from 10am 6pm and on Sundays it is closed all day. Only having devil members of staff working eight hours a day, six days a week is very difficult. With increase verse of clients Mr. Edwards and Mr. Williams are under pressure to loaf every virtuosos orders and files in order. Not having a computer system way Mr. Edwards and Mr. Williams draw to file all the store nodes and transport phonograph temperamentings manually. This manual system fuddleds mistakes are do and node satisfaction is lowered. This undoubtedly means a loss in lettuce.This made Mr. Williams think that like their computer systems, they should be up to date. He is currently learning for a refreshed system and approached me to ask my opinions. Not knowing the best solution for the store off the top of my bespeak I decided to observer the current system and speak to the Mr. Williams and a regular customer and get their opinions of how they would like the store to metamorphose. 1. 2 Problem Definition The problem with White Souls current system is that it is a manual system with two members of staff. Every thing is done manually and because of this mistakes are made.All customer records and o rigination orders are stored in register cabinets in alphabetical order. Lately due to the manual system many customer records gravel been misfiled. This is a huge problem because if for example Mrs. Abraham went into the store to purchase a youthful fact, one of the members of staff would look under A for Abraham in the file cabinet. If the customer record had been put into a nonher file by mistake a new customer record would have to be created. This then means the customer proving where they live when a earn and proving they identity with a strait or birth certificate.As you back tooth imagine customers would non be very impressed with this and profits may suffer. conduct records can also be misplaced. This may lead to the staff members thinking they had uniform new tune but to have it never arrive. This is a problem when a customer has specifically requested that item of banal and has to find out that it provide not be delivered till the abutting entrepot delivery. This again causes customer dissatisfaction and in the long run a loss of prophets. Sometimes, because stock sums have been mixed up because of bad file the store gets stock that it didnt mean or wishing to order.This is a cut straight out of their prophets, as they have to pay for it because they ordered it, even if they didnt mean to. 1. 3 Objectives After a few brief chats with Mr. Williams, he explained to me that the whole objective of this new system was to keep up with the times. He then went onto explain how the current system worked. Adding a Customer If a customer wants to become a member of the store and get special offers and discounts on certain products an diligence form must be filled in. To become a member more then one form of identification is required and to confirm their yell a letter or a slang statement is needed.After the customer identity and address is confirmed an application form will be filled out and filed. info requirements shape Sur conjure up and fore call forth of the customer send for Address the customer is occupying Postcode reach code of the address Date of birth Date the customer was born call number number on which we can contact the customer Credit Card Number ID issued by the bank uniquely given to the customer Documents use Customer application form (see appendix A1) Problems Some customers have short(p) handwriting or just handwriting that the staff members struggle to read.This may lead to miss filing or even a mistake made with the customer details. Also a lot of the time customers are not carrying any item that may prove their identity or are not carrying a letter to prove their address. No members may be added to the files with out first proving their identity and address so they have to return home to get these items before they can become members of the store. Searching for and consider a customer For a special in store discount customers are offered a dislodge to become a member of the store. The ir records are stored in alphabetical order in a filing cabinet.If a customer wants to use this discount their file must be found. One of the members of staff will look in the filing cabinet for the customers file. All customers records are stored in alphabetical order in our files. To look for that customer we get their break down name and search the file that corresponds with the first letter of their countenance name E. g. Charles Powel We would look in the P file Michael Roberts We would look in the R file Bethan Langdon We would look in the L file When the second name has been found we resort to use their first names, we do this because in some cases there will be more than one Powel, Roberts or Langdon.If there are two identical names in the files we have to look at each and match the address, this is the last resort. Data requirements Customer name The customers surname and forename Customer address The customers home address Problems A manual filing system is utilize. Al l customer records are kept in a filing cabinet that both members of staff have access to. They are stored in alphabetical order using the customers surname. If a customer record was filed under a wrong name it would appear lost or it may seem to the staff that that customer has never completed an application form.This means a new form would have to be filled in and the customers identity would have to be proven again. This lowers customer satisfaction and creates problems for the two members of staff. Amending a customers details If a customer is to move house or to change their telephone number their membership must be updated. Once their file has been searched for and found the new customer information can be added. Data requirements Name Surname and forename of the customer Address Address the customer is occupying Postcode Area code of the address Date of birth Date the customer was born.Phone number Number on which we can contact the customer Credit Card Number ID issued by th e bank uniquely given to the customer Documents used Customer application form (see appendix A1) Problems Tippex is used to erase the current details before the new details are added. This piddle aways the form look mussy and it may become hard to read. And when written over the tippex or writing may smudge and cultivate the form look a complete mess. once more a lot of the time customers are not carrying any item that may prove their identity or are not carrying a letter to prove their address.No members may be added to the files with out first proving their identity and address so they have to return home to get these items before they can become members of the store. Deleting a customer If a customer wishes to no longer be a member with our store their file may be deleted. Again identity is required for this transaction to take place. After the customer is searched for and found it may be discarded. Data requirements Customer name The customers surname and forename Customer ad dress The customers home address Problems Once a customer has been deleted from our files we have no contact with them.This means any warrantees are void and the customer cannot call money back or an exchange of item once they have been deleted from our files. And once again if a customer wants his or her file to be discarded they have to prove their identity. Many customers may not carry identity around with them but this is required. Identity is required to ensure that no files are wrong discarded. Adding a Stock it em When a new stock item is purchased and arrives at the store, immediately a record of the stock is made. Data requirements Number Unique stock number given to that item only Title Name or title of the stock item.Description Description of what the stock item is wrong wrong of the stock Status Status of the stock Available Unavailable Discontinued Documents used Stock data form (see appendix A1) Problems When a stock data form is filled in it can some times become a mess due to ad handwriting or burnt umber stains after a long days work. This may make it hard to read. Searching for a stock name If a customer wants to purchase a certain item of stock the stock record must be found from the stock file to see if that stock item is available and to make sure that it is the correct item the customer wished to purchase.Stock number the unique number given to this item Problems Stock items are filed using their stock number, not their name. This is a problem because there is no name order so each record must be checked, and refilled if it is the wrong item. Searching for a stock ID If the customer has gone through the trouble of finding the stock ID or the members of staff know the stock ID from the name a stock ID search can be made. This is much less trouble as the stock items are filed by their stock numbers and each stock number is unique so there can be no matches. Data Requirements * Stock Number A unique stock number given by a member of st aff.Problems Not every one knows the stock number so a name search may have to be made. Also if a stock record is out of place then it may be difficult to find it. Amending stock perspective It is important that each day the stock is checked. Once the stock has been checked the stock records must be modified to show weather the stock is Available, Unavailable or Discontinued. Data requirements Stock Name The name of the stock item Stock Number The unique stock number given to this item Problems Tippex is used to erase the current details before the new details are added. This makes the form look messy and it may become hard to read.And when written over the tippex or writing may smudge and make the form look a complete mess. Amending stock details Once an item of stock has been entered into a file it is sometimes necessary to edit the properties of the stock, for example if a sale occurred the stock price would be altered or if a mistake was made when first entering the stock it ma y be amended. Data requirements Number Unique stock number given to that item only Title Name or title of the stock item Description Description of what the stock item is Price Price of the stock Status Status of the stock Available Unavailable Discontinued.

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Essay Example for Free

Therapeutic Hypothermia After cardiac Arrest EssayCardiac arrest is considered as the prime cause of sudden deaths in the modern world, claiming tens of thousands of lives globally each yr (http//www.nationmaster.com/graph/mor_car_arr-mortality-cardiac-arrest). It has been determined that survival rates after cardiac arrest are very low, due(p) to consequent ventricular fibrillation that immediately results in zero cardiac output and death within a few minutes (http//www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Ventricular-fibrillation). During cardiac arrest, oxygen flow in the disposition in importantly affected and wag damage whitethorn possibly occur if no emergency discourse is abandoned as soon as possible. Emergency treatment of cardiac arrest generally involves manual substitute breathing to facilitate oxygen circulation to the brain, as well as chemical and electrical induction of the essence to rein present its normal beating. Such emergency procedures principally aim to provide a way to reoxygenate the brain and to save it from further irreversible damage. Consequently, reoxygenation also generates free ultras that are responsible in creating a post-resuscitation syndrome, which is characterized by necrosis of different tissues of the diligent.The ceremonial that tissues survive at particular hypothermic settings has been evaluated as a assure emergency treatment for cardiac arrest (http//www.rnweb.com/rnweb/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=158218). Hypothermia involves subjecting the body of an individual in a temperature that is beneath the normal physiologic temperature. The effect of hypothermia in protecting the brain from severe and irreversible damage during the non-oxygenated state of cardiac arrest is currently being evaluated, after successful results in dog models. Several investigations rush been conducted on the direct and immediate positive effect of hypothermia in cardiac arrest patients. A potential clinical trial involving the u se mild resuscitative cerebral hypothermia in 27 cardiac arrest patients for at least 24 hours showed that hypothermia treatment is reliable and safe (Zeiner et al., 2000). The procedure involved cooling of the entire body, including the head, resulting in a lowering of body temperature within 62 minutes after commencement of hypothermia treatment.It is interesting to observe that no further complications associated with the cardiac arrest were observed after the application of hypothermia treatment. In a bust investigation, 55% of cardiac arrest patients treated with hypothermia was observed to show positive responses to the treatment, as well as a decrease in the mortality rate 6 months after hypothermia treatment, suggesting that hypothermia treatment favors the prevents deleterious brain damage and death among cardiac arrest patients (HACASG, 2002).However, there are also certain issues with regards to the application of hypothermia in cardiac arrest patients that remains uncl ear and doubtful. One of these includes the inclusion and exclusion criteria that will determine whether a particular patient will benefit from such(prenominal) treatment (Skowronski, 2005). This comment is mainly based on the need for personalized treatment of patients because of the recent observation of inter-individual variations in the response to specific treatments.Such observation explains subtle yet significant differences that should be addressed during medication, diagnosis and testing of patients for any type of illness. With regards to cardiac arrest emergency treatments, it is of prime importance that a patients unique physiological, genetic, metabolic and cardiac profile be determined first before subjecting him to hypothermic conditions. However, this profiling may also perplex to be a hindrance during emergency treatment because the survival of the cardiac arrest patient mainly depends on the speed of administration of the treatment to the patient.Specific risks ha ve already been identified to be associated with hypothermia treatment of cardiac arrest patients (http//www.sca-aware.org/sca-treatment.phptreatment3). The painting of the patient to cold temperatures at a prolonged duration may cause bleeding or hemorrhage in specific organs of the patients because the cold temperature slows down the fault clotting capability of the platelets. In addition, a cardiac patient treated with hypothermia may suffer from transmitting because the immune system is also inhibited by prolonged cold temperatures.An alternative treatment that is mate to hypothermia has been proposed to be as effective as hypothermia, and possibly much safer than the more radical hypothermic exposure of the cardiac patient to low temperature levels. The alternative treatment involves intravenous introduction of ice-cold fluid to the patient using automated cooling equipment (Bernard, 2005). Such settings provide the healthcare personnel complete control oer the temperature of the intravenous fluid, which plays a vital role in the emergency treatment of the cardiac arrest patients.Until decent clinical investigatory information has been collected from comprehensive and comparative studies on the risks and benefits of hypothermia treatment on cardiac arrest patients, it is imperative that healthcare personnel be cautious in administering such rapid and radical treatment to cardiac arrest patients.There have been active requests from the medical research field that such investigations will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms and pathophysiological routes that are involved in the exposure of the body, well-nigh specifically the brain and the rest of the central nervous system, to cold temperature during those critical non-oxygenated states (Bernard, 2004).ReferencesBernard (2004) Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest Hypothermia is now standard care for some types of cardiac arrest. Med. J. Austral. 181(9)468-469.Bernard SA (2005) Hy pothermia improves answer from cardiac arrest. Crit. Care Resusc. 7325-327.Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Study Group (HACASG) (2002) Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. N. Engl. J. Med. 346(8)549-556.Skowronski GA (2005) Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest- Not so fast. Crit. Care Resusc. 7322-324.Zeiner A, Holzer M, Sterz F, Behringer W, Schorkhuber W, Mullner M, Frass M, Siostrzonek P, Ratheiser K, Kaff A and Laggner AN (2000) Mild resuscitative hypothermia to improve neurological outcome after cardiac arrest A clinical feasibility trial. Stroke 3186-94.http//www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Ventricular-fibrillation Nation Master- EncyclopediaVentricular fibrillationhttp//www.nationmaster.com/graph/mor_car_arr-mortality-cardiac-arrest Mortality Statistics Cardiac arrest by countryhttp//mweb.com/rnweb/article/articleDetail.jsp?id158219http//www.sca-aware.org/sca-treatment.phptreatment3 Therapeutic Hypothermia

Incendiary Fire Analysis and Investigation Essay Example for Free

Incendiary Fire Analysis and investigation EssayThe import of the remediation and losses brought by promote incidents is beyond each expression of human measurement, thus, the fire responders and investigators argon always tasked with challenging accountability that begins from the incidence response to the move probe. The fire needs to be extinguish, not only to pr hithertot further damages to the property and protect the victims lives, but also to protect the impartiality of the evidences that provide be use to understand the root cause of the incident, as somewhat fire investigation escalates to civil or criminal charges. While the fire departments investigation results are assisting the judiciary of the government to conclude the issues brought by the parties involved, the jurys decision is as improving the fire departments standards and practices towards these incidents, from the initial response to mingled forensic investigations. The pr pointtion of the trage dy, though inst in nature, is the goal and hope of every party involved, even the fire department.The paper discusses the laws and different court rulings that affect the fire response and investigation procedures. It particularly discusses the analysis and investigation methodology employed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology over the collapse of the brand-new Yorks 7 World Trade Center in September 11, 2001, including the investigation results and the responses of the government and otherwise interested bodies from the investigation results.Laws and Court Rulings Related to Fire Investigation and AnalysisThe scope analysis of the quantity of Rights of the U.S. Constitution during several court proceedings has found its way to fire incidents and investigations that happened in the past. These amendments pee been utilise to the responses and investigations of succeeding fire incidents. Among the amendments are the following1. Fourth AmendmentGoverning all s earches and seizures of person or of property, this amendment of the Constitution, states that any search or seizure must have a plausibly cause and must have a support of oath or affirmation about the details of the search or seizure. (U.S. incision of Homeland Security, 2002)While the Fourth Amendment limits the authority of the government over the privacy of the citizen, including his or her properties, even at any cases of emergency, the Fire subdivision response team are excluded from this law, only during these emergency, better termed as exigent incidents thus the responders and investigator are allowed to enter the private premises without any warrant. The exigent circumstance exception spans from the actual response time of the Fire Department until the cause investigation.In 1978, during the Michigan v. Tyler case, the U.S. unconditional Court ruled out that the fire department, even without search warrant, has the authority to enter, and remain on, the property under the exigent circumstances until the emergency is over, and even after the fire has been extinguish, within a reasonable time. (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2002). The Fire Department was given this exception, not only to prevent further loss or damage of life and property, and to determine the cause or origin of the incident, but also to prevent damages to the, or protect the, integrity of the evidences that will be used to understand the cause and origin of the fire incident (Herrera, 2003).While this exception is seemingly advantageous for the fire responders and investigators, fire departments accountability over this physique of emergencies, and even during the cause analysis and investigations, becomes heavier. The pressure for the fire department comes by controlling the fire intrinsically, for even with the yellow fire tape all ready set up, the emotions, intentions and reactions of other people over this flesh of scenario could have significant, and sometimes un expected, effects as revealed during past fire investigations and court proceedings. The media, the victims, and the other civilians within and snuggle the scene are some of the additional factors that the fire responders need to control. For the involvement of the media in fire incidents, match to the twenty two year veteran of San Diego Fire Department, Fred Herrera, The courts have not defined a decipherable answer that covers all of the contingencies involved. Differing opinions have occurred at all judicial levels and vary widely from state to state.In 1999, during the the Wilson v. Layne, the Alabama Supreme court ruled out that the media who accompanied a federal marshal with an finish warrant violated the Fourth Amendment, while, the Florida Supreme Court ruled out, during the Florida Publishing Co. v. Fletcher, in 1976, decided that the photographer ride along of a fire marshal into a fire scene did not illicitly enter a property (Herrera, 2003).2. Fifth AmendmentBe st known as pleading the fifth, this amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects the suspects from self-importance incrimination, thus giving attainable immunity to uncover the cause of, say, incendiary fire incidents (Head). Although during the court proceedings for the Lionti v. Lloyds Insurance Co. case, in 1983, where an employee, who allegedly had arguments with the employer, whose business was in financial crisis (the arguments were used as the probably cause for the alleged arson), invoked the Fifth Amendment skillful to remain silent, the jury still found the employers right of no heavy significance to reach the court ruling, since the court favored the testimony of one of the investigators hired by the insurance company. The private investigator testified that the suspected arsonist, the employee, had told the investigator, outside the courtroom, how the employer was suggested by the same employee how to set up the arson (Murphy, 2007). It is true that the Fifth Amendme nt could be used as a shield for the suspects or anyone in the courtroom, but the counsel nor the investigators should not lose the resources to dig into the truth behind the fire incidents, for that matter.3. Sixth AmendmentStating the allow of a citizen to speedy trial, not in shady manner, including the right to have of counsel from an attorney, and the accuseds right to face the prosecuting witness, this amendments sometimes puts the fire responders and investigators into the test of professionalism and integrity. The fire departments investigation results will define if a case should be filed, and if so, it will also dictate if the case should be civil or criminal, in nature. From the same report, will the actions of the involved party will be based. In some instances, a third party investigation is being hired to gather more information. For the proceedings of possible arson, the fire responders and investigators would normally be invited to testify their finding before the c ourt.Importance of Fire Analysis and InvestigationWhile for the victims, the extent of the damages and losses due to fire incident cannot be equated to any monetary value, as what is usually being broad-casted on TV, for the fire responders and investigator who acted on those situations, the incidence can equally be life changing. Several court proceedings related to incendiary fire has proven the aesthesia of any actions, from all the parties involved. A veteran of this field can never let his or her make off to control the situation for all the accountability at hand.It is true that when emergency cases happen, it can no longer be avoided, for the very nature and definition of it, but the lessons from these situations are what the fire investigations aim for. non only the citizen, but also the government and private companies, depends on the information from these investigations, for learning the root cause of the fire incident is vital formulate actions and countermeasures th at will lessen the possibility of the incident from happening.

Nature & Nurture Essay Example for Free

Nature conjure EssayIs a childs study influenced primarily by genetics and biologic predisposition? Or, could the majority of influence be found in the childs environment? This record/ upgrade interrogative sentence is possibly one of the oldest theories debated in psychology (Bee, 2004). Today, it is commonly accepted that or so aspects of a childs development be a product of the interaction of both nurture and genius (Bee). Both sides of the nature/nurture cause present compelling evidence of how each factor impacts development. It is no longer a question of whether it is nature or nurture, which influence development, but more consequentially in what ways, and to what extent. The impingement of Nature on increment Nature, which is as well as known as heredity, is the genetic code you are born with. It is passed on to you from your parents. some examples of nature or heredity could be your height, behavior, and IQ just to name a few. The issue of nature having a great impact on a childs development can be illustrated in the studies of twins. Flanagan (2002) explored the Minnesota chew over in which a set of twins was raised separately.In one case, a set of identical twins was raised apart, known as the Jim twins. They did not meet until they were almost forty and had many mistakableities stock-still though they were raised apart. There was no real explanation for all their similarities except that nature moldiness play a crucial role in development. The Minnesota twin study concluded that on multiple measures of personality and temperament, occupational and leisure-time interests and social attitudes, mono-zygotic twins reared apart are about as similar as are mono-zygotic twins reared together (Flanagan).This is a prime example that nature plays a meaning(a) role in our development. Another example of nature is the study of adopted babies. Families with adopted children share the corresponding environment, but not the same genetic code (Flanagan, 2002). The Texas Adoption Project found little proportion between adopted children and their siblings, and greater similarity between adopted children and their biological parents (Flanagan). This example also shows how important the role of nature plays on a childs development.Knowing that nature plays a role in a childs development, educators can use this to determine possible disabilities. For example, if two parents have a reading disability, it is more believably that their child may develop a reading disability as well. It gives teachers a heads up on what to look out for. This can help educators be proactive and intervene at earlier ages. The Impact of Nurture on Development The influence of a persons environment on their behavior is a truly commonly accepted factor.The question is how much can the environment affect the behavior and abilities of a person. Some basic factors such as nutrition can be shown to have an important influence on the abilities of a person. It has also been demonstrated that fears, through the experiences of children, can be conditioned. Most importantly, some behaviors, if not learned from the environment, will never develop. Environment plays a significant role in development as humans. When considering a persons environment in influencing ability, nutrition plays an important example.In one study, a group of children were given vitamin and mineral supplements for eight months. They were given intelligence tests before and after the eight-month treatment. The result was improvements in scores as compared to other group whom we not given vitamin and mineral supplements (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). The results suggest that environment plays a role in the skilful ability of people. It is not an illogical leap to understand this will probably extend to physical abilities as well.Another example of environmental influences in the behavior of people comes from a study done to an child of 11 months. The infant w as subjected to a terrible noise whenever he attempted to touch a color rat in the room with him. The child later displayed fear whenever he came in contact with anything light or furry (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). A last example of environmental influences in behavior comes from France in 1799. A boy of 12 or 13 was found running with wolves. When he was discovered he was brought covering into friendship.He never developed as a normal human and had tremendous difficulties in society (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). This suggests that much of what we consider human behavior is socially learned. While no one would suggest that nurture is the only factor that needs to be considered in discussing behavior, it is definitely a significant factor in how we behave as humans. By ignoring the environment, we would miss a large part of what shapes and guides us in life. In conclusion, both sides of the nature/nurture debate present evidence which supports its impact on development.Studies have shown that heredity is a major factor in developmental similarities among twins raised separately (Flanagan 2002). Studies have also shown that nutrition plays a significant role in cognitive development (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). Most experts agree that most aspects of a childs development are a product of the interaction of both nurture and nature (Bee, 2004). Interestingly, in recent years, new technology has enabled scientists to gain a deeper understanding of the genetic component of development, increasing interest on this side of the debate (Bee).Although no longer an all or nothing issue, the extent to which nature and nurture affect development will likely be debated for years to come. References Bee, Helen (2004). Child and adolescent development (Section 1, pp. 3). Retrieved July 28, 2004, from University of Phoenix website www. myresource. phoenix. edu Flanagan, C. (2002). Nature and nurture why are siblings so different? Psychology Review, 8(3), 23. Retrieved July 28, 2004, from the InfoTrac Database. Nature vs. Nurture (2001). Planet Papers. Retrieved July 28, 2004, from the World Wide Web http//www. planetpapers. com/Assets/3492. php.

Foreign exchange Essay Example for Free

Foreign give-and-take EssayAs mentioned above, there was a significantly high supply of bullion in the join States, which characteristically led to depreciation of the unite States dollar. In addition, the period was characterized by a high compute of inflation, implying that considerably jumbor sums of money would be used in buying commodities that would cave in been bought inexpensively in the earlier period (Atkinson and Hutto).On the international scale, the high cost of United States commodities meant that importers had to pay lots of money to acquire the goods, which ultimately lowered the level of international trade amidst the United States and other countries (Table 3). Consequently, the United States dollar fluctuated against other world currencies such as the Japanese yen, the Sterling Pound, Chinese yuan and the Australian dollar (Atkinson and Hutto). For instance, the Sterling Pound exchanged at amidst $1. 9548 and $2. 0442 in 2007 (Table 3), which was a v ery large variation. period Australia (dollar)Canada (dollar) China, P. R.(yuan) EMU Members (euro) Japan (yen) Mexico (peso) South Korea (won) Sweden (krona) Switzerland (franc) United Kingdom (pound) 2000. .5815 1. 4855 8. 2784 . 9232 107. 80 9. 459 1,130. 90 9. 1735 1. 6904 1. 5156 2001 . 5169 1. 5487 8. 2770 . 8952 121. 57 9. 337 1,292. 02 10. 3425 1. 6891 1. 4396 2002 . 5437 1. 5704 8. 2771 . 9454 125. 22 9. 663 1,250. 31 9. 7233 1. 5567 1. 5025 2003 . 6524 1. 4008 8. 2772 1. 1321 115. 94 10. 793 1,192. 08 8. 0787 1. 3450 1. 6347 2004 . 7365 1. 3017 8. 2768 1. 2438 108. 15 11. 290 1,145. 24 7. 3480 1. 2428 1. 8330 2005 . 7627 1. 2115 8. 1936 1. 2449 110. 11 10. 894 1,023. 75 7. 4710 1. 2459 1.8204 2006 . 7535 1. 1340 7. 9723 1. 2563 116. 31 10. 906 954. 32 7. 3718 1. 2532 1. 8434 2007 . 8391 1. 0734 7. 6058 1. 3711 117. 76 10. 928 928. 97 6. 7550 1. 1999 2. 0020 2007 I. .7865 1. 1718 7. 7582 1. 3109 119. 33 11. 024 938. 98 7. 0089 1. 2330 1. 9548 II. .8316 1. 0983 7. 6784 1. 34 84 120. 80 10. 878 928. 69 6. 8641 1. 2221 1. 9862 III. .8471 1. 0456 7. 5578 1. 3748 117. 74 10. 965 927. 27 6. 7402 1. 1986 2. 0213 IV. .8898 . 9811 7. 4336 1. 4482 113. 23 10. 849 921. 26 6. 4148 1. 1468 2. 0442 2008 I. .9058 1. 0039 7. 1590 1. 5007 105. 17 10. 803 956. 12 6. 2668 1. 0670 1. 9790 II. .9435 1. 0099 6. 9578 1. 5625 104. 62 10.428 1,017. 02 5. 9862 1. 0316 1. 9712 III . 8879 1. 0411 6. 8375 1. 5030 107. 58 10. 328 1,064. 56 6. 3175 1. 0734 1. 8924 Table 3 Foreign exchange rates between 2000 and 2008 Source Modified from GPO Access The strong dollar against the yen between 2001 and 2002, which was the beginning of the Bush system, deter importation by Japan from the United States (Atkinson and Hutto). At the same time, citizens of the United States opted to import valuable items such as automobiles at the expense of the locally manu particularured ones, thus putting the United States automobile exertion in the quagmire in which it is today (OECD).The consequence o f this is that major competitors such as the Japanese automakers have adversely affected local automakers such as Ford, and the whole industry has been earmarked for revival in the economic Stimulus Package (OECD). Interest rates Government bond yields and busy rates generally declined between 2000 and 2008. For instance, the value of bills at auction declined steadily from $ 5. 85 to $1. 01 in 2003, but steadily rose from $1. 38 to $4. 73 in 2006 (GPO Access).The low price of bonds meant that banks were in a position to purchase more regime bonds, thus diverting their attention from other financial service users such as borrowers (Crutsinger and Aversa). Ultimately, banks were forced to levy high interest rates on the loans they offered to the public, implying that most small business holders and individuals were crippled by a massive credit crunch (Crutsinger and Aversa). The ensuing credit crunch adversely affected the United States parsimoniousness particularly towards the ends of the end of the Bush brass section (Crutsinger and Aversa).Banks were most affected by the financial woes and this necessitated the Bush administration to consider taking ownership of various banks in a bid to protect them from collapsing (Crutsinger and Aversa). This move was hitherto also ill planned, as it would result in unnecessary government expenditure, resulting into higher inflation in the United States (Hanke). In addition, there was no assurance that with the governments acquisition of the banks, their exercise would better (Hanke). Conclusion.Even though the world witnessed a massive economic recession, the woes in the United States stemmed from the fact that the Bush administration spent excessively on the war in Iraq and Afghanistan, which generally weakened the performance of most local institutions. The underperformance in various sectors was shown in high rates of unemployment, high inflation, fluctuating levels of money supply and foreign exchange rates a s well as high bank interest rates. The combined effect of the various phenomena led to a crisis in the entire United States economy, thus reservation the Bush administration one of the worst leaderships of the United States.References Atkinson Robert D and Julie Hutto 18October 2004. Bush vs. Clinton An Economic Performance Index. 10 establish 2009. http//www. ppionline. org/ppi_ci. cfm? knlgAreaID=107subsecID=295contentID=252964 Crutsinger, Martin and Aversa, Jeannine 8 October 2008. Bush administration mulls bank stakes. 10 litigate 2009. http//www. freep. com/article/20081008/BUSINESS07/81008120/1015/BUSINESS02/Bush+administration+mulls+bank+stakes Curl, Joseph. 23 Oct. 2008 McCain lambastes Bush years. 10 March 2009. http//www. washingtontimes. com/news/2008/oct/23/mccain-lambastes-bush-years/ GPO Access . noncombatant unemployment rate. 10 March 2009. http//www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B42. xls GPO Access . Money stock and debt measures, 19652008. 10 March 2009 http//www. g poaccess. gov/eop/2009/B69. xls GPO Access. Bond yields and interest rates, 19292008. 10 March 2009. http//www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B73. xls GPO Access. Changes in consumer price indexes for commodities and services, 19292007. 10 March 2009. http//www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B64. xls GPO Access. Foreign exchange rates, 19852008. 10 March 2009. http//www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B110. xls. Hanke, Steve H. folk 24, 2008 The Bush Legacy Deflation or Inflation? 10 March 2009. http//www. cato. org/pub_display. php? pub_id=9663 Irwin, Neil and Eggen, Dan. 12 Jan. 2009. The Washington Post. Economy make Few Gains in Bush long time Eight-Year Period Is Weakest in Decades. http//www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/story/2009/01/12/ST2009011200359. hypertext markup language National Organization for Women. 27 August 2004. Bushs Economic Failure Weakens Middle Class, Deepens Poverty and Harms Women and Families. 10 March 2009. http//www. now. org/press/08-04/08-27. html OECD. Macroeco nomic indicators.10 March 2009. http//stats. oecd. org/mei/default. asp? lang=esubject=15country=USA Robinson, Woodward, Gellman. Timeline Bushs Eight Years in Office. 10 March 2009. http//www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/politics/bush/legacy/timeline Shi, Leiyu and Stevens Gregory D. Vulnerable Populations in the United States. modern York John Wiley and Sons, 2004 The High Cost of Health Care. 25 November 2007. The New York Times. 10 March 2009. http//www. nytimes. com/2007/11/25/opinion/25sun1. html? _r=1 United states Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. 10 March 2009 http//www. bls. gov/.

Lanzones Peelings as Mosquito Coil Essay Example for Free

Lanzones Peelings as Mosquito Coil Essay1. SUMMARY study for sustainable developing allows every human organism to acquire the tell apartledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary to shape a sustainable future. Education for Sustainable Development means including key sustainable outgrowth issues into teaching and encyclopedism for example, climate change, chance endangerment decrease, biodiversity, poverty reduction, and sustainable consumption. It also requires participatory teaching and learning methods that strike and empower learners to change their behavior and take action for sustainable learning. Education for Sustainable Development thus promotes competencies like critical thinking, imagining future scenarios and making decisions in a collaborative way. Education for Sustainable Development requires far-reaching changes in the way study is often practiced today. UNESCO is the lead agency for the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014 )Sustainable emergence is a difficult concept to define it is also continually evolving, which vexs it doubly difficult to define. One of the original descriptions of sustainable outgrowth is credited to the Brundtland Commission Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the mightiness of future generations to meet their own needs (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987, p 43). Sustainable development is generally thought to gift lead components environment, society, and economy. The well-being of these three argonas is intertwined, not separate. For example, a healthy, prosperous society relies on a healthy environment to provide food for thought and resources, safe drinking water, and clean air for its citizens. The sustainability paradigm rejects the contention that casualties in the environmental and social realms atomic number 18 inevitable and acceptable consequences of economic development.Thus, the authors consider sustainability to be a paradigm for thinking about a future in which environmental, societal, and economic regards ar balanced in the pursuit of development and improved bore of life A bulkyly accepted definition is development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Currently we are not in time meeting the needs of the present let alone considering the needs of future generations. The unite Nations have declared 2005 2014 as the disco biscuit for Sustainable development, in an effort to reverse Sustainability is now recognize to be a key neighborhood of development for the upbringing sector. In particular, the policy and practice context points to the need to consider how best to establish it into higher pedagogy learning and teaching strategies and curricula. The Higher Education Academy is currently undertaking a program of development activity and capacity building so as t o better assist institutions and take communities in their development of curricula and pedagogy to equip students with the skills and knowledge to live and work sustainably.This recognize the importance of increase sustainability literacy among students and the growing demand for sustainability skills among employers. Current work includes a baseline research study to identify breathing respectable practice in the sector. The impacts of global warming and climate change is said to be the great injustice of our time. The worlds poorest large number have contributed least to its make out but they are the ones who suffer intimately from its devastating effects. ugly and developing countries are the most that are at gamble due to long term flawed ingrained resource management practices and policies, increased population density and settlements in fragile eco-systems, increased demand on environment and natural resources, poor governance and preponderance of corruption.The ac celeration of changing weather patterns due to global climate change aggravate further the be risk that many poor and developing countries are facing. Poverty incidence is higher in areas where natural disasters occur. The poor are mostly located in the rural areas and are dependent on agriculture, fishery and livestock that are inherently climate sensitive. Farmers and indigenous peoples in upland communities live in landslide prone areas and the poor in the urban areas live in hazardous areas like along riverbanks. Poor households and poor nations doneout much of the world baptistery two disadvantages the inability to generate income and the vulnerability to sensual social and economic downturns.Drought, flood, conflict, inflation, disease and recession hit these groups and countries hardest. Furthermore, repeated exposure to these downturns reinforces the conditions of poverty. Whatever progress we make from our poverty reduction and community development initiatives these a re shattered the day after a disaster. These substantiateably states that disasters do not only worsen poverty in poor and developing countries but by the akin token undermine past, current and future efforts to tackle poverty.DRR, Literacy and EducationOver the past years, we dictum the transformation of many disaster responses from emergency and relief response during or immediately after a disaster, towards a Mn ore comprehensive adventure luck Reduction (DRR) approach. Likewise, Community-based Disaster Risk Reduction Programs development participatory approaches are being conducted in many countries by government and non-government organizations. Since the adoption by 186 UN share states of the Hyogo Framework for Action, promotion of DRR in pedagogy had been taken, specifically in the formal education sector. Policy guidelines, tools and methodologies had been develop to guide policy makers, implementers and practitioners in integrating DRR in education.This includes n ot only integrating and mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in education but as well as developing guidelines in give instruction building construction. The Philippines is one country where this initiative was pilot tested. Several materials related to this had been developed by the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) and other agencies and organizations. A wealth of DRR education materials had also been developed the Asia-Pacific pagan Center for UNESCO (ACCU) Planet 4 module on disaster preparedness is one very good example.Literacy and education is crucial to Disaster Risk Reduction. Reducing risks and enhancing peoples resilient capacities to deal with disasters requires them to understand how they could best protect themselves. Literacy and education is a necessity in raising awareness on the spirit and presence of natural hazards as well as the vulnerabilities and threats faced by the community. It plays a central procedure in building life skills that could make a difference in life threatening situations during disasters. DRR and ESDSince the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, disaster reduction has been recognized as an integral component of sustainable development (Chapter 3 of Agenda 21) and the cross-sectoral nature of disaster risk reduction was again emphasized in 2002 during the World Summit on Sustainable Development. The linkage between disaster risk reduction education and sustainable development had been visible on other inter subject area agendas. Disaster Risk Reduction encompasses economic, political, cultural, social and environmental dimensions and that formal and non-formal education initiative under this theme is logical with the frameworks of ESD in three important ways 1. Education for disaster risk reduction is interdisciplinary.Therefore, important consideration is devoted to the impacts on, and relationship between, society, the environment, economy and cultu re. 2. Education for disaster risk reduction promotes critical thinking and paradox solving and other social and emotional life skills that are essential to the empowerment of stakeholder groups threatened or affected by disasters. 3. Education for disaster risk reduction abets the Millennium Development Goals. Without considering Disaster Risk Reduction in development planning, all efforts including, decades of development initiatives could be destroyed in seconds.ESD in a Climate Changed WorldThe nature of disasters in our climate changed world placed us to come into wrong with our past and current behaviors, lifestyle practices and our views of society, the economy, the world, the environment and humanity in general. It bared the flaws of our past and current development models and paradigms that gave birth to our current environmental and climate predicament. It ex pose who are conquerable and who are accountable and revealed the cause and effect relationship between disaste r and development from a global to local perspective. The risk posed by the threats of climate change to humanity is a strong urgent call for us to afterthought the dominant views that influence the social, political, cultural, economic, and environmental dimensions of our lives. No problem dejection be solved by the same consciousness that framed it. We mustiness learn to see the world anew. Our current challenges in the face climate changed bring forth disasters opens up an avenue to question the current dominant form of development and education that brought us these problems.It gave us the reality of our current context to reflect on our current education frameworks and a platform to create the kind of education that willing save us. Despite many International Agreements and Declarations on the Right to Education, millions of children and young person are still out of school and millions of adults are still unable to read and write. Without education, these children, yo uth and adults face a very bleak future and are denied of their ability to develop their full potential a massive loss of human potential that could aid in eradicating poverty and in achieving sustainable development. soul the Right to EducationAs well as being a proper in itself, the right to education is also an enabling right. Education creates the voice through which rights can be claimed and protected, and without education people lack the capacity to to achieve valuable functionings as part of the living. If people have access to education they can develop the skills, capacity and confidence to secure other rights. Education gives people the ability to access information detailing the range of rights that they hold, and governments obligations. It supports people to develop the communicating skills to demand these rights, the confidence to speak in a variety of forums, and the ability to negotiate with a wide range of government officials and power holders. Our Constitutions Bill of Rights provides that No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or quality without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.Lack of education incapacitates an single to assert and protect his own rights. The Right of Suffrage provides that no literacy requirements shall be imposed on the mold of the right to voter turnout. However, lack of education compromises a voters position to exercise his right to vote wisely for his and his countrys benefit. Education is a powerful tool that can provide people, especially the poor and vulnerable groups with the necessary knowledge, awareness, skills and competencies to transform their conditions. It is a primary vehicle by which economically and socially marginalized adults and children can bringing up themselves out of poverty and obtain the means to participate fully in their communities. It has a vital reference in empowering women, safeguarding children from exploitative and haz ardous labor and sexual exploitation, promoting human rights and democracy, protecting the environment, and controlling population growth.It is a tool for empowerment a powerful means to beat poverty. Unfortunately, these ideas however explicit remain poorly understood and internalized by our educated policy and decision makers in government. Twisted priorities and distorted values pull down outright corruption have crept in much(prenominal) that construction of buildings, purchase of school facilities, task forces and even feeding programs have become the milking cow of those in certain higher echelons of government. Learning interventions, alternative education programs and other support services to address shortcomings of the educational system will remain as that stop-gap, spaced and spotty no matter how heroic, noble and outstanding the efforts of certain public servants and civil society sectors are because a makeshift solution can be sustainable only to a certain issu e and can never take the place of a mandate and a policy on education bolstered by a Constitutional guarantee which is still to be fully implemented.Neither the call for have Change nor the lip service of those in the business of education can bring about real(a) change in the education system. Enlightened sectors in public and civil society need support and encouragement to enable them to show the way and serve as models for the process of education. Various issues affecting local populace can be opportunities for peoples organizations, community and area groups to galvanize and demand for their education needs and other rights. There has to be a consistent lobby for the state to deliver on its obligation on the right to education. For so long as structural and material projects are given precedence in public investments by government to the detriment of education and other social development projects, the quality of education and, consequently, even our overall economy will rema in poor and stunted.2. REACTIONIt is not unusual to encounter a study expounding that there is something terribly wrong with the country. solely we dont know exactly what it is that were doing wrong. Thus the appeal of events like this launch. I must admit that in reading the Report, I cant help but feel alarmed. It is particularly stressing to read that the state of education continues to deteriorate. One of the most striking observations in the Report is made in its companion paper. It points out that the issues we confronted in the colonial multiplication persist today. This strikes me deeply. Education has always been one of my core advocacies. So I found it personally light that the Report used the education sector as the model for analysis. The significance of education is highlighted best during multiplication of crisis. A well-educated citizenry is our best bet in taking advantage of the eventual reverberation of world economies. When the upswing starts, our people must be there to compete.And the key here, as the Report points out, is to break the stasis in education. What drew my attention in the report was the presence of success stories. It is wonderful that out of all the issues, we do have successful endeavors to share. The Third Elementary Education Project (TEEP) and Basic Education Assistance for Mindanao (BEAM) are welcome developments. But beyond this, we should take note of the Reports more insightful points. For one, it is enlightening to read that unregenerate to traditional thinking, funding, may not be the biggest obstacle to educational reforms. This is a good point. Greater changes can happen if we address organizational culture, and improve professional managerial expertise. By saying this, the Report gives us the chance to effect reforms that are not heavily dependent on funding.Yes, the report is quite distressing. But I cant help but agree with its main points. If we are to do some good, we must change institutions. Piecemeal r eforms produce piecemeal results. The same philosophy pushed me to spearhead the creation of COMSTE, which works through a Technical Advisory Council of which Doctor Balisacan is a prominent member. Its job is to undertake a national review and assessment of the science, technology and engineering research and development system of the country. The intention is to make reforms that will boost competitiveness in key areas science, math and engineering education, health services, energy and environment, food and agriculture, IT and IT-enabled services, and semiconductors and electronics. COMSTE operates on certain key assumptions.There have been technological, socio-political and economic trends that have changed the nature and practice in the targeted sectors. However, the laws and rules judicature the regulation and practice of professions have not kept up. Indeed, these laws have not been updated for decades. In addition, our laws and structures governing the development of educat ional curricula and the hiring of experts have become too rigid. In a way that mirrors the theme of the Report, our curricula ended up being so tied down with formal rules, they suffocated. This gave rise to a culture of instruction that is inflexible and incapable of adapting to rapid development.3. RELATED TO THE LESSONFrom the time sustainable development was first endorsed at the UN General fictionalization in 1987, the parallel concept of education to support sustainable development has also been explored. From 1987 to 1992, the concept of sustainable development matured as committees discussed, negotiated, and wrote the 40 chapters of Agenda 21. Initial thoughts concerning ESD were captured in Chapter 36 of Agenda 21, Promoting Education, familiar Awareness, and Training. Unlike most education movements, ESD was initiated by people outside of the education community. In fact, one major(ip) push for ESD came from international political and economic forums (e.g., United Nati ons, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organization of American States).As the concept of sustainable development was discussed and formulated, it became apparent that education is key to sustainability. In many countries, ESD is still being shaped by those outside the education community. The concepts and content of ESD in these cases are developed by ministries, such as those of environment and health, and then given to educators to deliver. Conceptual development independent of educator input is a problem recognized by international bodies as well as educators.